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To  his  very  dear  friends, 
Doctor  Charles  B.  Marston  and  family, 

of  San  Rafael,  California, 

this  volume  is  affectionately  inscribed 

by  the  author. 


A  SQUADRON  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  NAVY 

On  a  Friendly  Cruise  Around 
Latin  America 


'•~'- 


BY 
WILLIAM  WALLACE  SWINYER 


PRICE  $1.50 

Mail  Orders  to 

The  New  Era  Publishing  Company 
-f2-Wfthy-secoiui  Avenue 

Oakland,  California 

'426  St.'t'8 

Alameda,  Calff. 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER    ONE .  .PAGE    1 

San  Diego,  California;  San  Jose  de  Guatemala;  Shark  Fishing;  The  Southern 
Cross;  Burial  at  Sea;  Balboa  and  Panama  City;  the  I-anama  Canal;  Christobal  and 
Colon;  Crossing  the  Line  (HOT  STUFF),  etc. 

CHAPTER  TWO PAGE    14 

Bahia,  Brazil;  Coaling  Ship;  Entrance  to  Guanabara  Bay;  English  and  French 
Men  of  War;  Fourth  of  July  at  Rio  de  Janeiro;  Description  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and 
the  Brazilian  Nation. 

CHAPTER     THREE PAGE     28 

Reception  at  Montevideo;  Young  Men's  Christian  Association;  The  City  of 
Montevideo  and  Uruguay  Described;  Dr.  Zorilla  San  Martin's  Address;  Ascent  of 
the  Rio  de  Laplata;  Death  of  Clay  Tenney  Lyles;  Arrival  at  Buenos  Aires;  An  In- 
discreet German;  Argentina's  Reception;  Notation  on  Argentina  and  Buenos  Aires; 
"La  Epoca"  Editorial. 

CHAPTER  FOUR PAGE    49 

Transfer  of  the  Admiral;  Transferring  the  Home-going  Draft  to  the  Orion; 
Woman  Overboard;  Death  of  Earl  Crawford;  Departure  from  Guanabara  Bay; 
Nature  Through  a  Port  Hole;  A  Glorious  Sunset;  Sunday  on/  the  Orion;  "Home, 
Sweet  Home";  Description  of  Hampton  Roads,  including  the  Naval  Hospital; 
Yorktown  Battlefield;  Tomb  of  Washington. 

SUPPLEMENTARY    CHAPTER PAGE    60 

Officers  and  Men  Who  Made  History;  Tribute  to  the  American  Bluejacket; 
Author's  Opinion  of  the  U.  S.  Navy;  Roster  of  Officers  and  Men;  Discipline  on  a 
Ship;  Life  Aboard  Ship;  Pan-American  Nearly  Solid  in  Pro- Ally  Spirit;  Log  of 
Dates  and  Distances;  Facts  and  Fancies. 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

CHAPTER  ONE — Frontispiece;  In  Memoriam;  The  Pittsburg  Entering  Gatun 
Locks;  King  Neptune  and  Hts  ;Ccurt,-  Initiation  of  Candidates;  Neptune  Versus 
Napoleon. 


?  4.th;at/Ri6  #e  Janeiro  (Seven  Views);  Another  Cluster 
of  Seven  Views  at  Rio;'  Avenid/j,  i^ 


CHAPTER  THREE—  Interior  of  Y.  M.  C.  A.  at  Montevideo;  An  Idea  of  an 
American  Sailor;  Pro-Ally  Demonstration  at  Buenos  Aires  (Five  Views);  Argentine 
Parliament  Building;  A  Vision  in  SPARS. 

CHAPTER  FOUR  —  Another  Fourth  of  July  Scene;  War  Map  of  Latin 
America. 


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PROLOGUE. 

At  the  outset  of  the  following  story  the  writer  begs  leave  to 
mention  that,  as  a  result  of  the  journey  therein  aibout  to*  be  de- 
scribed, his  own  ideas  concerning  Latin  America  have  shifted. 
Heretofore  this  particular  domain  has  been  a  sort  of  minus  quan- 
tity that  did  not  come  within  the  radius  of  his  scope. 

Yes,  North  America  hasn't  a  monopoly  on  all  of  the  good 
things  that  are  to  be  found  upon  the  Western  Hemisphere,  and 
your  humble  servant  is  glad  of  it.  Latin  Americans  are  different, 
but  by  no  means  inferior,  to  other  enlightened  people.  Their  coun- 
try is  ahead  of  North  America  in  apparently  so  many  important 
ways  as  the  latter  excels  the  former  in  others.  Surely  all 
Americans  have  reason  to  take  pride  in  their  own  country,  every 
foot  of  it,  from  Hudson  Bay  to  Cape  Horn. 

Each  man  of  the  United  States  squadron  was  so  sincerely  wel- 
comed throughout  Latin  America  that  none  of  them,  so  far  as  I 
know,  had  a  chance  to  see  anything  that  did  not  appeal  to  his 
better  nature.  Therefore  the  writer  is  enabled  to  make  mention 
of  only  the  things  that  ennoble  rather  than  of  those  that  degrade. 

The  southern  portion  of  America  undoubtedly  has,  just  like 
the  region  up  north,  many  disturbing  elements  to  contend  with; 
but,  you  may  depend  upon  it,  that  it  is  strictly  alert  thereto.  It  is 
amazing  how  so  many  discordant  elements  can  be  held  so  severely 
in  restraint  as  they  are  in  most  of  the  Latin  American  common- 
wealths. The  efficient  manner  in  which  United  States  sailors:  were 
everywhere  shielded  from  petty  annoyances  pleased  the  lads. 

When  it  comes  right  down  to  sincere  hospitality,  oh,  say! 
enough  said !  \  Just  go  south  once  and  there,  under  the  southern 
cross,  learn  the  meaning  of  Simpatico.  Satisfy  yourself  as  to 
whether  the  people  are  not  of  an  unusually  friendly  type,  and,  if 
this  friendship  is  not  genuine.  A  few  of  us,  wiho  had  not  journeyed 
abroad  before,  expected  to  find  a  sort  of  semi-wilderness  in  the 
southern  clime.  All  of  this  notion  was  dispelled  in  the  very  first 
Latin  American  town  that  we  struck. 


390592 


IN  MEMORIAM. 


CLAY   TEIN1VEY  LYLES 

Died    July    22,    1917. 
Body   sent   to    Garland,    Texas. 


EARL  HASTINGS  CRAWFORD, 

Died  Sept.  19,  1917. 
Buried    at    Houston,    Texas. 


E.    D.    WETTSTEIN, 

Of  Bremerton,   Wash., 

Died  May   16,    1917,   in  Guatemalan 

Waters. 
Buried  at   Sea. 


A  SQUADRON  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  NAVY 

On  a  Friendly  Cruise  Around 
Latin  America 

Copyright,  1918,  by  William  Wallace  Swinyer 

CHAPTER  I. 

The  writer  enlisted  in  the  United  States  Naval  Coast  Reserve, 
for  service  on  shore,  and  was  not  surprised  at  suddenly  finding  him- 
self aboard  of  a  cruiser.  His  presumption  was  that,  after  being 
properly  outfitted,  he  would  be  assigned  to  duty  at  some  naval 
station.  Had  he  any  idea  that  an  extensive  cruise  was  in  store,  then 
a  decided  objection  would  have  been  made,  and  especially  at  San 
Diego.  However,  he  felt  quite  sanguine  that,  when  his  ship  should 
h-ave  the  latter  harbor  it  would  go  north,  but  after  passing  Point 
Loma.  it  turned  south.  Needless  to  say.  he  was  then  very  much  sur- 
prised and  realized  that  a  perplexing-  situation  must  be  faced. 

Throughout  all  of  the  extensive  cruise  that  followed  there  was 
so  much  of  interest  and  so  little  of  discomfort  that  it  was  a  source 
of  pleasure  to  participate. 

Admiral  Caperton's  squadron,  consisting  of  the  cruisers  Pitts- 
burg,  Frederick,  Pueblo  and  South  Dakota,  passed  through  the 
Golden  Gate  April  25th.  1917,  and  headed  south.  After  a  pleasant 
voyage,  of  five  hundred  miles,  it  came  to  anchor  under  the  protect- 
ing gams  of  Point  Loma.  Now,  as  everybody  knows,  the  beautiful 
city  of  San  Diego.  California,  is  safeguarded  by  these  same  guns, 
and  that  it  isi  a  metropolis) 'of  unusual  interest. 

The  first  thing  that  attracted  attention  was  a  fleet  of  seven- 
teen aeroplanes  that  were  then  in  the,  air,  darting  hither  and  yon 
in  preparation  for  possible  eventualities.  The  second  object  of  in- 
terest was  a  larg'e  rust  covered  steel  ship  that  had  just  been  re- 
floated, and  after  it  was  stranded  fourten  years  on  a  South 
American  island.  This  craft  had  just  arrived  and  under  it  own  mo- 
tive power.  The  latter  fact  added  to  the  rescue  of  so  great  a  vessel 
after  it  had  been  so  long  !on  the  rocks  caused  general  amazement. 

During  our  stay  here  I  made  but  a  single  journey  ashore,  and 
that  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  the  grounds'  of  the  Panama-California 
Exposition.  Was  astonished  and  charmed  at  the  panorama  that  the 
buildings  and  grounds,  together  with  the  swarms,  of  jet  black  doves 
flying  overhead  presented.  Beautiful  beyond  the  possibility  of  jus- 
tifiable description  and  decidedly  original;  this  great  achievement 
does  reflect  credit  upon  the  people  of  Southern  California.  The 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

writer  was  privileged,  to  visit  six  of  the  world's  great  shows,  begin- 
ning with  the  mighty  Columbian  exhibit  at  Chicago,  and  at  none  of 
these  places  were  there  such  beautiful  grounds  as  there  are  at  San 
Diego. 

After  weighing!  anchor,  on  May  7th,  the  ships  began  a  twenty- 
three  hundred  mile  run  to  San  Jose  de  Guatemala,  where  they  arrived 
May  14th,  and  then  laid  too  three  miles  distant  from  shore. 

While  the  admiral,  accompanied  by  his  staff  and  the  usual  escort 
of  marine  orderlies,  were  ashore,  those  of  us  who  remained  afloat  en- 
joyed ourselves'  in  various  ways.  Bathing  was  out  of  the  question, 
because  of  the  immense  number  of  sharks  that  swam  lazily  about. 
A  few  of  these  monsters  were  of  the  man-eating  variety  (namely,  ti- 
ger sharks,  with  striped  backs).  These  sharks  afforded  no  little  enjoy- 
ment, as,  several  of  them,  one  fourteen  feet  long,  fell  victims  to  our 
fishermen.  All  hands  were  delighted  with  the  balmy  air  and  ex- 
quisitely blue  tropical  sea  waters.  They  were  also  interested  in  the 
swarms  of  flying-fish  that  circled  about  at  times  not  unlike  a  flock 
of  blackbirds.  Each  night  all  men  who  could  find  space,  therefore, 
slept  out  on  deck  and  watched  the  peculiar  antics  of  the  Southern 
Cross.  The  expression  "peculiar"  is  here  used,  because  the  five  star 
constellation  of  the  Southern  Cross,  that  is  seen  only  in  southern  lat- 
itudes, seems  to  those  who  are  unversed  in  astronomy  to  ignore  the 
accepted  law's  that  govern  the  universe.  While  other  luminaries  pur- 
sue the  course  of  stupendous  orbets,  this  cross  apparently  remains 
in  a  fixed  position  slowly  revolving  on  a  central  pivot.  Another  con- 
stellation, also  peculiar  to  Latin  America,  is  that  of  the  false  cross. 

It  was  pleasant  to  sleep  out  on  deck  here ;  but  the  charm  ended 
when  we  were  always  driven  to  cover  on  account  of  the  midnig'ht 
daily  tropical  showers. 

BURIAL  AT  SEA. 

A  sad  incident  closed  our  stay  in  these  waters,  when  it  became 
necessary  to  (bury  at  sea  the  body  of  E.  D.  Wettstein,  who  died  on 
the  cruiser  South  Dakota.  Upon  this  occasion  a  twenty-mile  run  out 
to  sea  was  made,  and  there,  in  latitude  13  degrees,  30  minutes  and  30 
seconds  north  and  longitude  90  degs.,  50  minutes  and  00*  seconds  west, 
Wettstein 's  body  was  buried.  The  surrounding  water  was  literally 
alive  with  sharks,  that  were  disappointed  when  the  heavily  weighted 
body  sank  with  amazing  swiftness  to  the  very  lowest  depths  of  the 
sea.  Fleet  Chaplain  L.  N.  Taylor  conducted  the  burial,  under  the 
half-masted  colors,  upon  the  quarterdeck.  This  was  in  presence  of 
the  entire  ship's  company.  Spotless  white  was  the  uniform  of  the 
day;  except  that  the  guard  of  honor  wore,  in  addition  to  the  regula- 
tion whites,  a  black  neckerchief.  Shipmate  Wettstein 's  body,  heavily 
weighted  and  encased  in  a  strong  canvas  bag,  and  enwrapped  in  the 
national  colors,  was  lying  in  state  on  the  starboard  side.  At  the  close 
of  Chaplain  Taylor's  impressive  eulogy,  the  body  was  consigned  to 
the  sea,  and,  while  it  was  sinking  from  sight,  twelve  marines  fired  a 
three-volley  salute.  This  was  immediately  followed  by  a  very  im- 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  3 

pressive  sounding  of  taps  by  Bugler  Dallighan,  one  of  the  very  best 
veteran  buglers  of  the  navy.  It  is  reported  that  Dallighan  performed 
a  similar  service  for  the  martyred  President  McKinley.  As  an  espe- 
cial tribute  of  respect  to  the  deceased  sailor,  each  officer  of  the  ship 
wore  an  arm  baud  of  crepe  that  was:  three  inches  wide. 

The  sea  is  now  his  winding-  sheet, 
Beneath    the    Southern  Cross  he  lies  asleep; 
His  dust  is  mingling  with  the  sand, 
That  sweeps  the  shores  of  a  foreign  land. 

The  Admiral's  Return. 

After  three  days  the  admiral  returned  from  his  satisfactory  visit 
with  Senor  Cabrera,  el  Pr-esidente  de  Guatemala,  and  the  cruise 
was  resumed  May  17th.  As  the  lofty  volcanic  mountain  peaks  of 
(Guatemala  disappeared  from  view,  there  were  many  expressions 
of  regr-et  because  it  had  not  been  possible  for  liberty  leave  in  this 
most  friendly  and  beautiful  country.  Although  the  volcanic  peaks 
were  of  majestic  mien,  they  impressed  some  of  the  lads  with  an 
ominous  feeling.  This  portent  was  especially  significant  in  view 
of  the  terrible  catastrophe  that  has  just  overwhelmed  that  land. 

Just  prior  to  arrival  of  the  American  squadron,  Guatemala 
broke  relations  with  Germany.  Her  example  was  followed  by  Nic- 
aragua, Costa  Rica  and  Honduras. 

Directly  after  leaving  the  vicinity  of  Guatemala,  and  while  the 
squadron  was  pas*in<z  by  the  coast  of  San  Salvador,  a  terrible 
earthquake  devastated  that  land.  Tt  is  unfortunate  that  the  Ad- 
miral did  not  learn  of  the  disaster  until  his  ships  had  gotten  too 
far  away  to  'be  able  to  render  assistance. 

The  one  thousand-mile  run  from  San  Jose  to  Balboa  was  quite 
interesting,  especially  as  the  fleet  neared  its  destination,  where 
many  picturesque  islands  were  passed.  Just  prior  to  reaching  port 
and  entering  what  is  probably  one  of  the  longest  stationary  dry- 
docks  in  the  wo i-ld,  the  first  wonder  of  the  great  Panama  Canal 
appeared  at  our  rijrht.  This  is  in  reference  to  the  mighty  sea-wall 
that  was  formed  by  uniting  two  mountainous'  islands  to  the  main- 
land. 

B'alboa  is  at  the  Pacific  Ocean  entrance  to  the  Panama  Canal, 
and  but  four  miles  distant  from  Panama  City,  capital  seat  of  the 
Republic  of  Panama.  We  arrived  at  Balboa  May  21st  and  the 
Admiral  then  performed  his  second  pleasant  duty,  of  extending 
the  respects  of  Uncle  Sam's  government  to  another  sister  republic. 
The  result  was  that  a  cordial  invitation  was  extended  by  President 
Ramon  Vakils  to  the  personnel  of  the  United  States  squadron  to 
accept  the  hospitality  of  the  Republic  of  Panama.  Now  the  boys 
hadn't  stepped  over  for  a  long  time,  and  "they  went  to  it  like 
greased  lightning,"  and  were  well  treated.  Every  ship  was .  dry- 
docked,  cleaned,  painted  and  thoroughly  overhaiiled  prior  to  a 
resumption  of  the  journey  May  24th.  During  the  interim  all  parties 
improved  every  moment  of  the  liberty  privilege  inspecting  a  one 
thousand  foot  drydock,  the  navy  yard,  the  model  city  of  Balboa,  the 


4  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

ancient  Spanish  town  of  Panama,  the  alligators  lazily  snooping 
around  in  the  water  and  the  tropical  foliage  along  shore.  There  are 
probably  no  such  commodious  shops  elsewhere  as  there  are  in  the 
navy  yard  here.  No  overcrowding  of  either  men  or  machinery 
and  the  latter  of  colossal  proportions.  But  our  government  went 
farther  still  and  builded  adjacent  to  this  navy  yard  a  city,  that  its 
employees  might  be  properly  cared  for.  Prior  to  the  commence- 
ment of  this:  great  work  there  was  a  warfare  made  to  exterminate 
mosquitoes,  which  were  probably  a  greater  menace  here  than  they 
were  anywhere  on  the  Western  Hemisphere.  You  may  ask  how 
about  this?  The  reply  is  that,  during  our  two  weeks'  sojourn  in 
the  zone,  we  did  not  see  a  single  mosquito  or  even  a  fly.  Am  drift- 
ing and  must  return  to  the  city  of  Balboa.  This  modern  city,  built 
during  the  last  three  years,  ranks  very  high  from  every  viewpoint; 
however,  all  facts  relative  to  the  place  are  of  common  knowledge ; 
and  I  will,  in  passing,  say  that  this  fine  airy  town,  with  its  model 
homes,  wide  asphalted  streets  and  superb  sanitary  conditions,  is  in 
striking  contrast  to  the  old  Spanish  type  neighboring  city  of 
Panama.  The  latter  town,  being  one  of  the  oldest  in  America,  is  nat- 
urally handicapped  because  of  its  antiquity.  This  latter  place  is 
destined  for  a  marvelous  future,  as  it  is  widely  awake  and  rapidly 
eradicating  the  ancient  style  drawback  features.  Since  the  writer 
visited  the  city  but  once,  and  that  during  the  evening  hours,  he 
cannot  speak  of  the  immense  volume  of  historical  facts  that  are  so 
necessary  to  round  out  this  article. 

A  pretty  farewell  entertanment  was  provided  by  the  good  peo- 
ple of  Balboa  for  the  boys,  on  the  eve  of  their  departure  for  passage 
through  the  canal.  This! is  in  reference  to  a  dance,  in  the  open  air. 
upon  the  finely  paved  boulevard  that  encircles  the  spacious  public- 
square.  Per  request,  the  entire  band  of  our  flagship  furnished  the 
music.  The  best  ladies  of  the  city  cheerfully  danced  with  sailors, 
and  with  sailors  only,  much  to  the  chagrin  of  onlooking  regular  sol- 
diers. (Never  mind,  g'ood  fellows,  they'll  get  to  you  yet.)  Our  lads 
just  covered  themselves  with  glory  and  there  wasn't  a  disorderly 
man  in  the  bunch.  Just  a  word  about  the  ladies,  who  were  seen 
at  the  ball.  These  women  were  mostly  of  the  fair  type  of  coun- 
tenance ;  but  nearly  all  of  them  had  a  sort  of  wan,  drawn  faced  ap- 
pearance, that  showed  plainly  the  effect  of  the  tropical  climate  in 
which  they  live. 

The  Panama  Canal. 

There  was  but  scant  mention  made  of  the  city  of  Balboa  and, 
for1  a  like  reason,  it  is  unnecessary  to  make  more  than  a  short  ref- 
erence to  the  Panama  Canal,  which  is  conceded  to  be  the  greatest 
of  all  engineering  feats.  At  the  outset  kindly  permit  a  statement 
that. the  mi.uhty  Sault  Ste  Marie  Canal,  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  has  some  features  that  are  even  more  interesting  than 
anything  to  be  seen  here.  Three  enormous  double  locks,  the  great 
Culebra  Cut,  a  mountain  that  was  demolished  and  one  that  was 
constructed,  are  the  main  attractions.  Millions  of  dollars  worth  of 


6  A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

abandoned  French  machinery  was  sunk-en  into  a  swamp  and  an 
artificial  hill  erected  thereupon.  Now  this  hill  was  not  built  as  a 
monument  to  the  courageous  Frenchmen  who  first  tackled  the  job, 
but  to  impound  the  waters  of  a  lake.  The  reason  for  demolition  of 
a  mountain  was  to  remove  forever  the  lateral  pressure  that  threat- 
ened destruction  to  the  canal.  Some  of  the  Frenchmen  above  re- 
ferred to  recently  revisited  the  "zone,"  and  in  their  astonishment 
exclaimed,  "We  never  dreamed  that  the  Americans  would  build  a 
mountain."  The  entire  ship's  company  was  especially  interested  in 
two  enormous  steel  structures,  at  each  lock,  that  revolve  on  a  turn- 
table and  that  carry  an  -extra  gate  (emergency  dam),  for  dropping 
into  the  position  of  any  g'ate  that  should  get  out  of  order.  The  addi- 
tional'expense  for  this  contrivance  must  have  exceeded  a  million 
dollars!  for  each  lock.  Then  there  are  six  powerful  electric  engines, 
called  donkeys,  located  at  every  lock,  for  towing  each  large  ship. 
which  is  barred  from  the  use  of  its  own  motive  power.  A  man  who 
claims  to  be  properly  advised  stated  that  it  cost  the  government  $14.- 
000  for  the  passage  o,f  each  cruiser  through  the  canal.  Of  course  the 
zone  district  is  guarded  by  a  large  army  that  is  equipped  with  the 
mightiest  ofi  weapons.  Furthermore,  during  the  night  time  the  en- 
trances are  constantly  under  the  glare  of  huge  revolving1  search- 
lights. It  took  eleven  hours,  on  May  24th,  to  make  the  passage  of 
fifty-six  miles  and  to  coal  ship  at  Christobal  (emphasize  on  the  "o"), 
and  meaning  Christopher.  Colon  is  Spanish  for  Columbus;  so  there 
you  have  it,  Christopher  Columbus. 

The  government  coaling  station  mentioned  above  is  of  the  most 
modern  construction,  and  it  has  many  surprises  in  store  for  the 
uninitiated.  An  immense  shout  was  let  out  by  the  boys  when  they 
saw  that  a  larg'e  body  of  Jamaica  negroes  were  about  to  come  aboard 
lor  stowing  away  coal.  (This  task,  as  well  as  that  of  all  of  the  coal- 
ing work,  is  usually  performed  by  the  crew.)  The  Jamaica  negroes 
receive  but  $1.50  per  day  for  performing  the  hardest  kind  of  work 
and  in  the  warmest  of  weather.  They  are  so  rapidly  replacing  the 
whites  as  to  now  comprise  about  one-half  of  the  "zone"  employees. 
White  people  received  more  than  twice  the  amount  of  pay  for  per- 
forming the  work  that  is  now  being  done  by  Negro  subjects  of  Great 
Britain.  Oh,  yes,  Uncle  Sammy  has  an  eye  to  business.  Should  you 
call  one  of  these  Jamaicans  a  nigger  he  comes  right  back  with,  "I 
ain't  no  nigga!  No  sah  ! !  I's-e  a  Bridish  subjec,  I  is !"  The  zone  man- 
agement designates  the  races  as  gold  and  silver  men  and  signs  thus 
worded  indicate  the  places  where  they  are  to  separately  assemble. 

Again  this  story  is  sidetracked  and  must  be  shunted  back  to 
the  main  line. 

While  our  ship  was  making  fast  all  hands  carefully  studied 
the  coaling  outfit.  They  noticed  on  a  high  trestle  that  traversed 
a  dock  at  which  a  dozen  ordinary  ships  could  coal  at  one  and  the 
same  time,  about  forty  large  motor  driven  cars.  These  coal-laden 
cars  began  to  move  forward  and,  almost  before  they  realized  it, 
coal  was  rushing  aboard  from  a  dozen  different  conveyors  and 


A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  7 

pouring  through  as  many  openings  in  the  deck.  The  task  was 
completed  in  about  one-sixth  of  the  usual  time  and  all  was  serene 
aboard. 

Christobal  is  the  canal  zone  town  adjacent  to  the  negro  city 
of  Colon,  of  small  size  and  destined  to  grow. 

The  City  of  Colon.  (Emphasize  "on.") 

Only  a  small  percentage  of  the  people  here  are  other  than  of 
the  Negro  race,  and  these  few  reside  in  the  midst  of  cocoanut 
groves  at  one  side  of  the  city  proper.  This  town  of  40,000  people,, 
which  is  rapidly  growing,  consists  of  the  regulation  three-story 
structures.  On  account  of  the  prevalence  of  earthquakes,  the-  law 
limits  the  height  of  buildings.  Very  narrow  streets  and  razor-edge 
alleys  are  characteristic  of  the  place.  The  population  is  densely 
packed  in  and  there  is  serious  danger  of  a  conflagration  or  an  epi- 
demic. Our  government  is  responsible  for  the  model  sanitary  con- 
ditions that  prevail  here.  The  masses  of  the  people,  although  not 
prosperous,  are  careful  and  take  pride  in  their  city.  The  swell 
Negro  organization  of  the  place  acted  as  an  -escort  to  newly  enlisted 
British  soldiers.  This  aggregation  was  it.  Had  the  ancients  seen 
that  glittering  array  of  spell-binders,  Solomon  would  never  have 
been  mentioned.  Each  man  of  the  bunch  was  caparisoned  in  an 
entirely  different  style  of  a  rich  flowing  robe  with  gaudy  head 
piece  and  a  gold  plated  sword.  Every  loud  color  known  was  as- 
sembeld  in  the  make-up,  and  when  straddled  over  a  horse,  these 
Ethiopians  did  shine. 

There  was  pleasure  aboard  ship  when,  on  May  30th,  the  fleet 
hcndcd  out  into  the  Carribean  Sea  for  the  3600  mile  run  to  Bahia, 
B'razil.  The  distance  was  so  great,  probably  one  thousand  miles, 
to  the  farthermost  northeastern  point  of  South  America,  that  it  did 
seem  as  though  we  never  would  make  it  and  learn  as  to  our  prob- 
able destination.  Finally,  after  three  days,  the  entire  outfit  turned 
south,  and  we  then  knew  that  the  equator  was  about  to  be  crossed. 

The  writer  will  now  scoot  off'  on  a  tangent,  for  a  little  hilarity 
ere  getting  back  to  bedrock. 

From  the  Log  of  a  United  States  Man  of  War,  While 
"Crossing  the  Line." 
Broken  Out  by  Dad. 

On  the  evening  of  June  9th,  1917,  the  mighty  high  Davy  Jones, 
scribe  to  his  Equiatic  Majesty  King  Neptune,  suddenly  appeared 
aboard  of  the  good  ship  Pittsburg,  as  she  was  en  route  to  Bahia, 
Brazil.  His  Excellency  immediately  posted  the  Royal  Proclama- 
tion, namely,  to  wit:  "We  will  break  out  a  hot  time  in  the  old 
realm  tomorrow;  especially  for  each  one  of  you  officers  and  men 
who  has  not  blown  hitherto  hitherbefore.  Then  it  was  indeed  ap- 
parent that  there  was  something  in  the  wind,  for  were  there  not 
signs  of  unusual  activity  upon  the  fo-c-sle?  Why  that  platform 
and  all  of  those  odd  looking  barber-chairs  and  why,  oh  why!  the 


8  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

huge  tank  that  had  suddenly  appeared  as  if  by  magic  ?  Upon  close 
inspection  it  was  seen  that  the  chairs,  above  mentioned,  operated 
on  a  swivel,  and  that  they  were  so  arranged  that  persons  seated 
therein  could  be  .suddenly  dumped  over  backward  and  shot  into  the 
tank  below.  Furthermore  it  was  learned  that  the  folowing  un- 
canny articles  had,  somehow  or  other,  been  hoisted  aboard.  Razors 
and  shears  each  two  feet  long,  combs  with  teeth  of  six-penny  nails ; 
gigantic  lather  brushes;  buck  saws,  rasps,  tong's,  etc.,  for  dental 
and  surgical  use.  Finally  there  wrere  two  quart  squirt  guns  and 
the  never-to-be-forgotten  medicines,  that  were  to  be  used  by  the 
Imperial  Medical  Staff.  These  medicines  were  of  the  startling  va- 
riety, as  may  well  be  imagined,  and  they  certainly  did  make  a  hit. 
First  there  was1  a  red  hot  emetic  to  be  shot  between  the  teeth,  and 
this  was  to  be  followed, by  a  nauseous  paste  for  ramming  into  each 
man's  muzzle  by  the  dirtiest  hands  that  ever  were  seen.  Last,  but 
by  no  means  least,  were  the  barrels  of  an  admixture  called  gugu, 
for  smearing  all  over  victims  by  resounding  slaps  of  heavy  brushes. 
Yes,  the  gugu  was  an  admixture,  consisting  of  sand,  graphite,  vase- 
line and  other  greases.  It  was  no  joke  to  be  covered  with  this  stuff, 
whether  it  was  done  to  a  sailor  in  spotless  white  dress  uniform,  or 
after  he  had  been  forcibly  stripped  and  then  daubed. 

The  medicines  were  prepared  under  direction  of  the  ship's  med- 
ical officers  and,  although  they  looked  uninviting,  were  not  so  bad 
after  all.  The  hands  that  administered  these  remedies  owed  their 
muddy  appearance  to  a  coating  of  sweet  chocolate. 

Well,  we  hit  the  equator  all  right,  ati  36  degs.,  05  min.  00  sec. 
west,  between  the  South  American  and  African  continents.  At  the 
psychological  moment  the  ship's  band  struck  up^a  dead  march  as  it 
headed  the  royal  procession.  Old  Neptune  went  right  to  bat,  tied 
her  loose  and  let  her  went,  and,  believe  me,  he  went  some.  In  the 
entourage  of  His  Majesty  there  were  learned  judges,  surgeons,  doc- 
tors of  everything  and  an  admiral,  also  a  score  of  lesser  lights.  Of 
these  latter  were  the  royal  policemen,  barbers,  imps,  lambasters,  etc. 
All  of  the  foregoing  were  arranged  in  a  manner  suitable  to  their 
respective  stations,  for  didn't  the  doctors  look  wise  in  their  tall  hats, 
long  robes  and  huge  glasses;  and  wasn't  Painful  Parker,  the  dentist, 
a  sight?  And  didn't  the  skull  and  cross  bones  emblazoned  on  the 
surgeon's  robes  lend  a  cheerful  air  to  the  ensemble?  Furthermore, 
the  entire  bunch  did  shine  resplendent  in  enormous  wigs  of  un- 
braided  rope  and  hula  hula  garments  of  like  material.  It  may  be 
said  on  the  quiet  that  there  wasn't  a  personage  in  the  entire  court 
who  was  even  a  circumstance  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  or  to  the 
Royal  Baby,  who  weighed  260  pounds  and  carried  a  gallon  sized 
nursing  'bottle.  "Some  Queen,'"  shouted  the  boys,  as  Her  Majesty 
appeared  next  to  nature ;  except  that  the  Royal  personage  was 
draped  in  a  striking  sown  of  quite  transparent  material.  "Hippo," 
the  gigantic  Negro  baby,  although  naturally  quite  dark  in  color,  was 
made  blacker  still  by  a  coating  of  grease  and  graphite  and  he  sure 
did  shine  to  beat  the  band. 


A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  9 

Just  as  their  majesties  and  the  Royal  Court  ascended  the  dais 
on  the  ceremonial  platform  the  Royal  Navigator  appeared  on  the 
bridge  and  assumed  full  command  of  the  ship.  This1  official  was  a 
grizzled  old  seafaring  man,  of  aspect  stern  and  dominating'  will,  and 
he  displayed  enough  medals  to  nearly  sink  the  ship.  Then  there 
were  the  huskies1  who  entered  the  tank  to  see  to  it  that  every  one  of 
the  thousand  candidates  should  be  accorded  the  privilege  of  a  bath. 
SOME  BATH  is  putting  it  mildly ;  especially  because  every  head  that 
appeared  above  water  during  the  process  of  bathing  was  vigorously 
lambasted  with  a  stuffed  club.  It  was  by  no  means  a  joke  to  be 
dragged  by  the  heels 'along  the  bottom  of  the  tank,  as  the  lads  who 
were  thus  treated  can  testify.  Great  care  was  exercised,  however, 
so  that  no  accident  occurred,  and,  therefore,  the  day  ended  with  ev- 
eryone, including  the  soup- hounds,  in  good  humor.  Only  sailor  lads 
could  stand  the  hard  knocks  that  were  handed  out  that  day  and  then 
"bob  up  serenely  from  below."  His  Highness  "Hippo,"  the  baby, 
was  destined  to  be  much  kissed  during  that  festive  day,  but  he  took 
it  all  in  good  part,  as  he  always  takes  everything.  "Hippo"  is  a  pop- 
ular guy  because  he  is  a  first  class  prize-fighter. 

As  but  eightjr  members  of  the  ship's  company  had  crossed  the 
line  before,  it  was  strictly  up  to  them  to  pilot  the  other  one  thousand 
men  over.  Now  this  was  a  difficult  task,  as  the  following  story  will 
show. 

As  a  matter  of  fact.  Uncle  Sam's  officers,  despite  their  rank, 
were  not  immune  from  the  same  treatment  that  was  to  be  accorded 
enlisted  men.  (The  only  reason  why  the  rule  was  changed  on  this 
occasion  is  because  the  men  needed  a  little  money.)  These  officers 
did  not  know  whether  they  were  destined  to  taste  the  medicine,  kiss 
the  baby,  dance  the  hula  hula,  walk  the  plank,  be  smeared  with  tar 
or  dragged  through  the  tank.  Therefore,  when  the  executive  officer, 
in  dress  uniform,  headed  the  procession  of  candidates,  everybody  was 
pleased  and  rent  the  air  with  tumultuous  cheers.  The  executive  met 
the  judge's  unpitying  eye  in  a  dignified  manner  and  received  this 
jolt:  "Sir,  you  are  guilty  of  cowardice  for  turning  tail  every  time 
that  you  have  hitherto  come  near  the  line.  Ten  dollars!"  "But. 
your  honor?"  "No  but?  to  me;  when  I  holler  it's  law.  Five  more 
bucks  for  contempt  of  court/1  "But  hav-e  1  no  rights?"  "No,  not 
that  you  could  mention  it.  Next!"  An  ensign,  for  being  too  popu- 
lar, was  staiig  for  ten  ducats  and  forced  to  kiss  the  baby,  and  he 
gracefully  complied,  while  the  crowd  nearly  yelled  its  head  off.  The 
Chief  Surgeon  was  euch-ered  out  of  a  substantial  amount,  because  he 
had  the  unmitigated  gall  to  rush  away  from  Germany  just  as  war 
was  declared.  Our  ship's  dentist  came  in  for  a  fine  of  ten  simoleoiis 
because  he  had  the  bra /-en  norve  to  enlist  as  a  dentist  when  he  should 
have  signed  up  as  a  blacksmith  or  plumber,  and  he  had  to  dig  up  five 
more  cart  Avheels  because  his  teeth  were  dirty.  The  fleet  chaplain 
drew  a  fine  of  a  pair  of  deuces  because  of  his  attempt  to  flirt  with 
Her  Royal  Majesty,  three  fives  for  loafing  six  days  in  the  week  and 
a  single  bone  for  working  on  the  Holy  Sabbath  day.  Another  officer 


io  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

was  held  up  for  one  million  reis  (a  100'  rei  piece  of  Brazilian  money 
is  worth  2  1-8  cents).  Each  officer  was  charged  with  an  alleged  of- 
fense that  was  contrary  to  fact ;  therefore  when  one  of  these  gentle- 
men was  booked  for  cowardice,  for  -excessive  popularity,  for  being  too 
lenient,  for  always  releasing  a  liberty  party  on  time,  then  the  boys 
could  not  restrain  their  laughter.  The  six  hundred  dollars  that  was 
collect-ed  from  officers  and  men  paid  expenses  for  a  big  blowout  in 
Rio. 

Now  for  fun  with  the  crew,  inclusive  of  all  petty  officers,  so  you 
will  see  that  some  of  the  officers  did  get  it.  Every  one  of  these  were 
forced  to  run  the  gauntlet  and  to  take  final  refuge  with  the  de- 
mons in  the  tank.  An  extra  slam  was  always  in  store  for  tough 
guys,  petty  officers,  marines,  yeomen,  Asiatics,  etc.,  not  in  a  spirit 
of  meanness,  but  to  add  pep  to  the  fun.  A  double  distilled  streak 
of  lightning  never  failed  to  strike  the  rough-neck,  inclusive  of  all 
who  had  to  be  searched  out  and  brought  forth  in  irons. 

"Ah!  the  first  victim,  a  tough  guy!  A  marine,  a  submarine. 
Submerge  the  Leatherneck !  Soak  'im!  Soak  'im!  Give  it  to  'im! 
Another  tough  guy!  Ah,  strip  the  guy!  That's  a  hard  boiled  one! 
Six-0-Six,  U-53 !  Oh,  have  a  heart !  Shut  up,  you  fool ;  he 's  tough 
and  can  stand  it !  G  it  that  petty  officer !  he 's  our  meat !  Make  him 
dance  the  hula  hula  and  kiss  the  bab}r !  A  yeoman,  some  politician ! 
Cut  off  his  hair!  Oh,  the  gall  of  that  guy  with  the  whiskers  in  imi- 
tation of  the  captain  of  this  ship !  Cut  off  those  whiskers,  carve 
them  deep!" 

The  foregoing  is  only  a  faint  imitation  of  the  terriffic  din  that 
filled  the  air  throughout  all  of  that  eventful  day.  As  each  man 
appeared  he  was  promptly  sentenced,  regardless  of  everything. 
Some  to  dance  the  hula  hula  or  Sal-o-My,  while  the  band  tooted; 
others  to  kiss  'baby  "Hippo,"  -etc.  As  a  grand  finale  the  hapless 
victims  were  rushed,  hauled  and  pushed  through  a  menacing  array 
of  dentists,  surgeons  and  lambasters  to  the.  dope  fiend  doctors. 
Then,  swish!  They  got  it  between  the  teeth  from  a  two-quart 
squirt  gun,  after  which  their  mouths  were  jambed  full  of  a  nau- 
seous mass  of  junk.  Lastly  they  were  shaven  and  shorn,  smeared 
from  top  to  toe,  and  then  hurled  violently  backward  into  the 
tank.  This  tank  was,  by  all  odds,  the  toughest  part  of  the  fun. 
woe  betide  the  man  who  pat  up  a  fight  in  the  tank ;  because  he  was 
hurled  back  upon  the  platform  for  the  second  degree.  The  tough 
guy  had  about  as  much  show  in  the  tank  as  a  celluloid  cat  would 
have  in  chasing  an  asbestos  rat  through  hell.  Finally,  at  the  end 
of  the  ordeal,  every  man  scurried  away  to  either  wash  or  destroy 
paint  covered  clothes. 

Addenda  Concerning1  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 

Incidentally  permit  the  infusion  of  a  little  more  light  relative^ 
to  the  above  subject,  commencing  with  the  following  statement: 
Society  buds  will  readily  understand  the  French  terms  herein  em- 


12  '' A' friendly   'Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

ployed,  and  that  any  seafaring  man  can  stand  :by  long  enough  to 
'break  out  the  nautical  terms  used. 

The  Queen  was  a  dainty  craft,  of  the  clipper  variety,  with 
long-  hemjpen  tresses  (unbraided  rope)  flying  at  the  peak;  then 
there  were  lavender  colored  socks  of  appropriate  shade  to  match 
the  very  transparent  royal  robe.  This  wonderful  garment  was  re- 
plete in  decollete,  demi-tasse.  I  swan  to  goodness  and  other  catchy 
effects.  It  caught  the  crowd;  for  wasn't  royalty  exposed  to  the 
elements,  except  for  a  scanty  garment  that  the  ladies  call  lingerie. 
This  article,  of  meager  width,  was  stayed  fore  and  aft  and  shrouded 
about  amidships.  The  train  of  Her  Majesty's  robe  was  hoisted  aloft 
by  Aeolus  and  Olus. 

The  ancient  Greeks  inform  us  that  Aeolus  and  Olus  are  the 
little  twin  gods  of  the  wind  that  Neptune  always  keeps  on  the  hur- 
ricane deck  for  the  purpose  of  raising  the  wind  and  other  things. 
Oh,  yes.  The  Queen  was  a  crackajack,  outclassing  the  fair,  seven 
times  married,  Lillian  Russell,  and  each  one  of  the  forgotten  num- 
ber of  the  wives  of  Nat  Goodwin.  The  boys  suspected  the  Queen 
of  treachery  and  imagined  that  she,  he,  or  whatever  it  was,  had 
put  one  over  on  them.  However,  the  writer  passes  the  buck  up  to  the 
crew. 


••••••        ' 


14*       ••••••  A  'Fnendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 


CHAPTER   TWO. 

The  balance  of  this  article  was  not  written  until  all  of  the 
places  therein  described  had  been  visited  and  carefully  compared. 
Most  of  the  data  is  relative  to  things  that  were  seen,  or  that  was 
Cleaned  from  various  public  records  through  the  medium  of  in- 
terpreters. The  balance  was  furnished  by  persons  who  have  an 
extensive  knowledge  of  Latin  America.  An  enormous  amount 
of  the  information  received  was  so  tantalizing-  in  character  that  it 
could  not  be  verified ;  therefore  it  had  to  be  discarded.  It  is  by  no 
means  an  easy  task  to  get  reliable  information  hastily,  and  in  coun- 
tries where  one  does*  not  speak  the  language  of  its  people. 

After  passing  over  the  equator,  and  sailing  for  three  days,  the 
land  of  South  America,  where  the  shore  line  is  of  a  chalky  white 
substance,  appeared.  Not  a  little  quite  pretty  scenery  was  then 
passed,  ere  the  squadron  came  to  anchor  in  a  very  spacious  bay. 
This  was  on  June  15th.  The  usual  salutes  were  then  exchanged, 
after  which  all  hands  carefully  scanned  and  commented  upon  the 
most  beautiful  waterfront  view;  natural  surroundings  excepted, 
that  was  seen  on  the  eastern  shores  of  South  America  during1  the 
cruise.  Only  one  liberty  party,  that  of  the  port  watch,  wrent  over 
the  side,  however.  The  starboard  contingent  failed  to  make  it,  'be- 
cause of  the  rough  weather  that  prevailed.  For  this  reason  but  a 
limited  description  can  be  given  of  the  oldest  city,  which  was  also 
the  first  seat  of  government  in  Brazil. 

*% 
Bahia,    Brazil. 

Bahia  (Baea.  sound  the  first  syllable  like  the  blatting'  of  a  sheep, 
"B'a.")  This  city  was  founded  in  1514  by  Thome  de  Souza,  the 
first  Portuguese  Governor  General  of  Brazil.  Rio  de  Janeiro  is 
today  the  largest  city  in  the  nation,  and  then  comes  Sao  Paulo  (San 
Powlo),  the  most  up  to  date  city,  and  Bahia  ranks  third  in  size. 
This  latter  city  boasts  of  having,  still  in  daily  use,  the  oldets  church 
edifice  in  America.  She  also  claims  possession  of  the  greatest  ag- 
gregation of  wealth  under  ecclesiastical  control  o,f  any  city  in  South 
America.  A  newspaper  man  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  stated  that  the 
church  owns  ten  thousand  buildings  in  the  vicinity  of  Bahia.  This 
city,  th?  name  of  which  means  bay,  lies  on  the  sloping1  shores  of  a 
bay,  around  which  rubber,  coffee  and  fruits  are  produced;  how- 
ever coffee  is  not  so  extensively  cultivated  here  as  it  is  in  the  state 
of  Sao  Paulo.  All  fruits  seem  to  be  of  an  inferior  type,  except 
oranges,  which  are  of  a  better  flavor  than  any  that  are  grown  in 
North  America.  The  waterfront  vista  of  Bahia  is  one  of  surpassing 
loveliness,  but  the  city  itself  fail. si  to  keep  pace  with  the  perspective 
from  the  bay.  This,  however,  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  as  this  old- 
est of  cities  is<  located  in  a  very  rocky  spot,  and  because  it  would 


A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  15 

be  a  herculean  task  to  remedy  the  defects,  that  are  due  to  antiquated 
methods  of  construction. 

Beautiful  large  white  buildings  show  their  facades  through 
green  foliage,  and  all  over  an  extensive  hillside,  that  slopes  gently 
back  to  an  elevation  of  four  hundred  feet.  These  structures  glisten 
in  the  sunshine  and  reflect  their  outline  upon  the  waters  below. 
Crowning:  the  eminence,  and  in  the  midst  of  lofty  cocoanut  palms, 
there  is  a  fine  display  of  architectural  effects.  Cupolas  and  domes 
galore,  but  no  spires,  steeples  or  minarets.  Magnificent  church 
buildings  everywhere;  in  fact  there  must  be  fully  thirty  of  such 
structures  in  plain,  sight  from  the  bay. 

Two  car  lines  ascend  a  very  steep  incline  and,  in  some  cases, 
ordinary  -elevators  hoist  people  directly  upward  from  one  street 
to  another.  Was  sorry  to  not  have  been  permitted  to  enter,  so 
noted  a  city  to  see  the  many  things  that  are  of  decided  interest 
there. 

Prior  to  departure  for  a  port  farther  south,  we  coaled  ship  in 
the  midst  of  and  despite  a  turbulent  sea.  All  hands  were  astonished 
when  the  Nerius.  an  up  to  date,  very  large  collier,  ran  alongside 
ready  for  business.  This  vessel  i-  equipped  with  twenty-four  mon- 
ster coaling  booms,  twelve  on  each  side,  that  sling1  over  huge  coal- 
laden  "clami  shells."  These  "clams"  came  aboard  with  amazing 
Mviftncss.  while  the  collier  was  pitching  about  in  gre.it  shape,  and 
we  were  coaled  in  a  jiffy.  Coaling  ship  is  usually  done  from  light- 
ers, and  it;  is  then  an  all  day's  job.  during  which  everybody,  includ- 
ing father,  works;  excep.t  that  then  the  band  plays.  During  coaling 
time  the  "soup-hounds"  pass  around  with  coffee  and  hot  dog  sand- 
wiches. (Hot  dogs  comingled  with  coal  dust  make  an  excellent 
diet.) 

Directly  after  coaling,  on  June  21st,  away  we  sailed  upon  the 
800-mile  run  to  Rio  de  .lam-in),  whither  \ve  arrived  onlhe  23rd.  The 
squadron  was  now  leaving  the  tropics  for  a  land  where  the  winter 
s»  ason  prevails1  while  it  is  summer  time  in  North  America.  Near  the 
end  of  this  particular  trip  the  towering  mountains  of  th-e  mainland 
and  many  lofty  islands,  beautiful  beyond  description,  appeared. 
Shortly  thereafter  the  Brazilian  dread  naught.  Minas  Geraes.  to- 
gether with  the  battleship  Sao  Paulo  and  a  flotilla  of  large  torpedo 
boats,  hove  in  sight. 

After  our  flagship  had  saluted  Brazil  and  Almirante  Alexan- 
drine de  Alencar  had  returned  the  same,  then  the  Brazilian  squad- 
ron escorted  the  United  States  of  America's  fleet  to  an  anchorage. 
During  this  journey  there  were  salutes  galore,  and  Uncle  Sam's  men 
will  not  soon  forget  the  awe  inspiring  sights  that  constantly  burst 
upon  their  vision  as  th-e  combined  squadrons  swept  on  proudly  into 
port.  Almost  directly  after  Admiral  Caperton's  ships  had  tied  up 
to  float  in «v  buoys  and  his  flagship  had  again  saluted  in  honor  of 
IJra/il.  then  another  round  of  salutes  followed.  This  was  in  conse- 
quence of  the  arrival  of  three  English  and  one  French  men-of-war. 


16  A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

The  Frenchman  presented  a  novel  appearance  with  its  herd  of  live 
cattle,  that  was  quartered  on  the  top  side.  (Frenchmen  believe  in 
having  fresh  meat.) 

After  the  preliminary  excitement  it  developed  that  the  United 
States  of  America's  Admiral  happened  to  be  senior  in  command  of 
all  battle  craft  that  was  in  the  harbor  and  he  was  recognized  as 
such. 

Prior  to  describing!  Rio  de  Janeiro,  it  is  fitting  that  a  more  com- 
plete description  should  be  given  relative  to  what  transpired  while 
the  allied  fleets  remained  in  Guanabara  Bay;  so  here  goes  in  a  ram- 
bling fashion.  A  Brazilian  official  answered  the  direct  question 
thusly :  "Yes,  sir,  the  Roosevelt  expedition  did  make  a  most  notable 
discovery  and  the  River  of  Doubt  became  one  of  Reality."  There 
was  enough  of  saluting,  during  the  first  few  days  at  Rio.  to  suit  even 
the  most  fastidious.  Every  morning  the  Brazilian,  English  and 
French  ships  fired  the  customary  salutes  in  honor  of  the  ranking 
admiral  and  our  flagship  returned  the  same.  During  the  half  hour 
necessary  for  all  of'  the  above,  every  sailor  in  port  stood  at  atten- 
tion, and'  they  breathed  a  sigh  of  relief  when  it  was  over.  As  each 
nation  was  saluted,  of  course  its  colors  were  broken  out  at  all  mast- 
heads, while  the  band  of  the  flagship,  upon  which  I  was  a  passen- 
g'er,  played  the  respective  national  anthems.  The  marines  of  Brazil 
are  the  smartest  dressed  men  in  the  service  of  that  nation.  These 
men  shine  resplendent  in  white  Highlander  caps,  red  coats,  blue 
trousers  and  high  topped  shiny  'boots.  The  marine  band  is  uniformed 
in  spotless  white  with  swords  adangle.  Other  soldiers,  sailors,  ca- 
dets, police,  firemen,  etc.,  appear  in  strikingly  different  apparel.  It 
is  likely  that  no  other  nation,  of  the  land  that  the  Spaniards  dis- 
covered, takes  a  keener  pride  in  the  appearance  of  its  servitors  than 
does  Brazil.  Oh,  by  the  way!  Sundays  and  holidays  are  far  more 
carefully  observed  all  over  South  America  than  they  are  in  the 
states. 

r 
The  Fourth  of  July  at  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

The  United  States  of  America  was  decidedly  honored  on  this 
immortal  day  and  as  she  has  seldom,  if  ever  been  honored  thereto- 
fore. Early  in  the  morning  it  was  noticed  that  the  Star  Spangled 
Banner  was  about  the  only  flag  in  sight,  either  afloat  or  on  shore. 
Every  available  gain  roared  out  a  mighty  salute  to  the  land  of  the 
free  and  the  home  of  the  brave,  and  for.  the  first  time  in  history, 
English  war  craft  remained  in  the  same  port  with  those  of  the 
Yankees,  on  the  fourth  day  of  July,  and  what  is1  more  significant, 
the  Engilshmen  not  only  saluted  the  American  colors,  but  they  also 
proudly  marched  with  the  Brazilian.  French  and  United  States  forces 
in  honor  of  thisi  day.  Hurrah  for  Johnny  Bull !  So  said  we  all  of  us. 
Our  naval  forces  were  in  the  van  of  a  procession  that  marched 
through  thirty  miles  of  densely  packed  people.  Thunders  of  ap- 
plause and  showers  of  flowers  greeted  the  boys  as  they  marched  on, 
proud  of  their  country  and  happy  because  they  were  in  its  service. 


1 8  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

After  the  procession  had  ended  the  Brazilian  populace,  tog-ether  with 
the  European  allied  sailors,  vied  with  each  other  in  honoring,  the 
North  American  sailors  and  marines. 

Our  squadron  made  it  a  point  to  return  to  Brazilian  wrat-ers  in 
time  to  return  the  compliment,  and  help  out  in  the  celebration  of 
that  nation's  natal  day,  September  7th. 

As  all  South  American  cities  are  very  much  alik-e  in  most  re- 
spects, the  writer,  in  describing:  them,  will  for  the  sake  of  a  diversi- 
fied story,  avoid  repetition  so  far  as  possble.  He  will  endeavor  to 
specially  emphasize  some  particular  line  of  features  and  events  after 
minutely  describing  th-e  only  city  that  he  had  sufficient  opportunity 
to  study  well. 

'  i 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (Rio  de  Janero.) 

The  dream  city,  with  a  population  of  1,100,000.  This  metropolis 
ow'es  its  name  to  a  singular  error  of  observation  that  was  made  by 
its  discoverer,  w7ho  mistook  for  a  river  the  beautiful  sheet  of  water 
that  proved  to  be  a  spacious  bay.  After  Pedro  Alvarez  Cabral  had 
discovered  and  unfurled  the1  standard  of  his  country  over  the  terri- 
tory of  Brazil^  then  Almirante  Goncalvo1  Co-elho  was  dispatched  to 
explore  along  the  shore  line  of  the  newly  acquired  possession.  This 
admiral  discovered  what  is  now  the  celebrated  Guanabara  Bay 
(Arm  of  the  Sea),  on  January  1st,  1535.  On  the  ibanks  of  this  bay 
he  founded  a  town  and  named  it  Rio  de  Janeiro,  meaning  the  River 
of  Januar}'.  Sailors,  who  have  seen  the  harbors  of  the  world,  de- 
clare the  one  at  Sydney,  Australia,  to  be  the  finest,  and  that  Guana- 
bara Bay  com.es  next. 

It  requires  a  more  prolific  writer  than  yours  truly  to  fittingly 
describe  Rio  de  Janeiro,  the  kind  of  a  city  that  poets  rave  over  and 
that  artists  delight  to  honor.  The  habitation  of  a  happy,  progressive 
and  broad-minded  people.  Our  lads  left  this  city  with  regret,  hoping 
for  the  privilege  to  return.  The  unsurpassing1  cleanliness  of  every 
thoroughfare,  together  with  absence  of  wooden  buildings,  blaring 
sign  boards  and  residences  that  are  usually  without  chimneys.  I  say 
that  these  are  facts  that  command  instant  attention.  During  the 
night  time  eve^  street,  all-ey  and  bypath  is  flooded  and  thoroughly 
scrubbed.  It  is  furthermore  apparent  that  the  entire  city  is  kept 
under  the  strictest  possible  sanitary,  fire  and  polic-e  regulation. 

This  town  nestles  amid  a  lofty  mountain  range,  that  encircles 
the  bay  and  forces  its  stately  peaks  above  the  clouds.  Many  large 
white  buildings  p-eer  out  through  tropical  foliage  that  adorns  the 
mountain  sides,  and  these  glisten  in  the  noonday  sun.  Lastly,  several 
mountainous  islands,  also  vine  clad  and  covered  with  buildings,  beau- 
tify the  bay  and  entrance  thereto.  But,  oh,  the  shoreline!  That's 
the  clincher  from  start  to  finish. 

The  new  arrival  marvels  at  the  graceful  curves  that  ten  miles 
of  the  shore  line  on  either  side  of  the  bay*  presents.  After  studying 
the  perspective  in  wonder  he  usually  exclaims,  "Where,  oh  where, 
are  the  docks?"  Let  us  investigate  "and  see  if  there  are  any  docks, 


A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  19 

piers,  warehouses,  etc.  To  do  this  we  must  pass  under  a  fine  suspen- 
sion bridge,  turn  sharply  to  the  left  and  there  we  see  the  Caes  do 
porto  (docks  of  the  port.)  These  docks,  which  are  among-  the  finest 
in  the  world,  extend  along  a  perfectly  straight  embankment  for  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  the  largest  of  ships  land  thereat.  This  landing 
place,  as  well  as  all  others  seen  by  us  in  South  America,  is  protected 
'by  massive  blocks  of  hewn  granite.  However,  the  entire  water-front 
at  Rio  is  protected  in  like  manner  and  at  an  inconceivable  expense. 
The  warehouses  here  are  all  of  white  granite,  artistic  in  apperwance, 
exactly  alike  and  extending  also  in  a  straight  line  beyond  the  range 
of  vision.  Along  the  outer  edge  of  the  embankment  there  are  count- 
less traveling  cranes,  of  German  make,  arranged  in  keeping  with  the 
straight  line  ensemble.  A  large  fleet  of  interned  German  steamers 
was  seen  from  this  point.  Strange  to  relate,  there  isn't  a  dead  wall, 
unsightly  building,  ugly  sign-board  or  any  rubbish  even  in  this  vicin- 
ity. Thus  the  vision  of  cleanliness  continues. 

The  extensively  curved  shore-line,  that  has  already  been  men- 
tioned, embraces  land  of  several  hundred  feet  in  width,  throughout 
its  entire  length.  This  land  has  always  remained  in  possession  of  the 
commonwealth ;  is  used  for  public  purposes  only  and  safeguarded 
against  every  vestige  of  unsightliness.  This  district  is  traversed 
throughout  its  entire  length  by  on-e  of  the  finest  boulevards  extant; 
consisting  of  three  broad  parallel  drivew.-ivs.  Intervening  between 
these  drives  there  are  fine  strips  of  green  sward,  that  are  adorned 
with  shrubbery,  statues,  fountains,  ornamental  settees,  etc. 

There  are  also  other  fine  avenues  (avenidas)  and  an  unusual 
number  of  parks  that  are  replete  in  scenic  effects ;  especially  statuary, 
monuments,  etc. ;  in  fact  there  must  be  fully  five  hundred  monuments 
out  in  the  open  air  of  this  city.  The  European  custom  of  taking  an 
evening's  siesta  at  tables  that  are  placed)  under  shade  trees,  along 
the  broad  w-alks,  in  front  of  cafes,  prevails  in  Rio,  and  also  at  Mon- 
tevideo and  Buenos  Aires.  While  thus  seated  our  party  carefully 
studied  the  people  who  passed,  and  we  were  impress-ed  with  the  lofty 
bearing  of  the  men  and  the  pleasant  faced  and  extremely  modest  de- 
meanor of  all  women.  Whether  richly  gowned  or  garbed  in  simple 
fashion,  it  was  all  the  same,  modesty  is  evidently  characteristic  of  the, 
women  of  Brazil.  The  raiment  of  these  women,  and  especially  their 
sharp  cut  headgear,  arranged  in  angular  and  peaked  effects,  was  in- 
t-eivstingly  different  than  any  of  our  party  had  hitherto  seen.  The 
men  invariably  wore  kid  gloves,  carried  canes  and  smoked  cigarettes. 

It  was  a  charming  diversion  to  observe  these  people,  as  they 
paused  anon  to  admire  displays  of  the  finest  stocks  of  jewelry  that 
are  to  be  seen  in  America.  Parties  that  entered  the  many  fashion- 
able theaters  would  compare  favorably  with  their  prototype  in  North 
America.  Most  of  the  sidewalks  are  constructed  of  Limoge  stone, 
that  is  imported  from  Portugal,  and  they  are  works  of  art  in  black 
and  white.  These  mosaic  walks  have  fine  tesselated  borders  and 
various  designs  of  bold  relief,  inlaid.  There  are  many  narrow 
streets  and  alleys,  none  of  which  are  in  bad  condition. 


2O  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

The  National  Botanical  Garden  contains,  probably,  the  best 
display  of  tropical  and  Oriental  trees  and  shrubbery  that  there  is 
to  be  found  in  any  other  one  place.  In  this  garden  there  are 
flourishing  specimens  of  more  than  nine  hundred  different  kinds 
of  palms,  including  the  mother  palm  that  was  planted  in  1808. 
This  palm  is  115  feet  tall,  and  from  it  sprang  the  millions!  of  sim- 
ilar trees  that  are  flourishing  throughout  Brazil.  Several  ave- 
nues, that  are  bordered  by  these  stately  palms,  are  objects  of  iir- 
terest  throughout  the  city.  There  ar-e  also  growing  in  this  gar- 
den every  known  species  of  spice,  tea,  coffee,  rubber  and  bamboos 
galore. 

The  National  Museum  is  at  Boa  Vista  Park,  and  housed  in  the 
erstwhile  palace  of  the  emperors  of  Brazil.  This  museum  contains 
an  astonishing  display  of  ethnological,  botanical  ond  natural  his- 
tory objects.  In  the  collection  there  are  birds,  butterflies,  shells, 
reptiles,  etc.,  of  infinite  variety.  Every  color  and  even  the  most 
delicate  tints  of  the  rainbow  are  clearly  defined  in  the  above,  and 
the  sizes  range  from  the  most  minute  to  the  very  largest  known. 
It  would  require  fully  a  month's  constant  writing  to  fittingly  de- 
scribe either  the  garden  or  museum,  so  I  will  give  up  the  task  be- 
fore beginning1.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Aires 
also  possess  mighty  museums,  art  galleries,  etc.,  and  it  is  impos- 
sible to  decide  which  city  excels  in  either  respect. 

Pao  de  Assucar  (Sugar  Loaf,  and  also  known  as  Dog  Face 
mountain),  1185  feet,  and  Mount  Corcovado,  2312  feet  high,  are 
easy  of  ascent ;  the  former  on  a  car  suspended  from  a  cable  and 
the  latter  by  cog  wheel  train.  While  en  route  to  the  summit  of 
Sugar  Loaf  I  suddenly  found  myself  directly  over  a  gorge  800 
feet  below,  and  it  occurred  to  me  that  I  would  become  badly  tan- 
gled up  should  the  cable  break.  The  fine  crescent  shaped  beaches 
at  San  Francisco,  Leme  and  Botofogo  Bay,  zoological  gardens,  pub- 
lic 'buildings,  Palaeio  Monroe  (named  in  honor  of  the  Monroe  Doc- 
trine), Theatro  Municipal,  etc.,  should  not  be  missed.  The  theater 
mentioned  does  probably  exceed  in  magnificenc'e  any  playhouse  in 
America.  (Gorgeous  theatrical  structures  are,  in  fact,  typical  of 
all  Latin  American  cities  and  those  at  Buenos  Aires  and  Monte- 
video are  also  of  surpassing  excellence.) 

Of  course  it  goes  without  saying  that,  in  such  a  model  city. 
there  must  be  magnificent  churches,  and  among  these.  Our  Lady 
of  the  Candelaria  is  a  structure  that  required  one  hundred  and 
thirty-five  years  to  erect. 

At  the  close  of  a  beautiful  day,  and  as  I  was  about  to  leave 
a  wonderful  cemetery,  it  was  my  privilege  to  witness  the  weird 
ceremonial  of  a  torchlight  burial  service.  All  of  the  cemeteries 
that  I  visited  in  Latin  America  are  distinctively  different  and  al- 
together dissimilar  to  any  seen  theretofore.  In  Latin  American 
cemeteries  the  fact  is  strongly  emphasized  that  the  living  certainly 
consider  that  the  cradle  and  the  coffin  do  not  mark  the  extremes 


— Courtesy  of  Revista  tie  Lemana.  Rio  do  Janeiro. 


22  A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

of  man's   career;   therefore   Brazilians   lavish   affectionate   regard 
for  the  sacred  habitat  of  the  dead. 

The  United  States  of  the  Republic  of  Brazil. 

The  following  accurate  information  was  secured  from  the 
national  archives  and  also  from  the  "Handbook  of  Rio.de  Janeiro": 

In  1535  Pope  Alexander  VI  arbitrated  between  Portugal  and 
Spain  relative  to  certain  sections  of  South  America.  His  Holiness 
awarded  unto  Spain  the  district  south  of  a  line  that  he  traced  on 
the  map,  and  Portugal  secured  the  more  northerly  region.  As  a 
result  Brazil  wjas  then  extensively  peopled  with  immigrants  from 
Portugal  and  Argentina,  Uruguay,  etc.,  with  those  from  Spain. 

Brazilians  claim  that  Portuguese  navigators,  from  the  Azores 
dnd  Madeira,  landed  on  the  West  Indies  and  also  upon  the  North 
and  South  American  continents  prior  to  1450.  If  this  is  so,  then 
Columbus  was  a  little  late;  but  how  about  Lief  Irickson? 

Brazil  was  discovered  Easter  Sunday  (Paschoel),  April  23rd, 
1500.  and  it  was  named  after  a  dye-w'ood  for  which  the  country  is 
famous.  The  discoverer  was  Pedro  Alvarez  Cabral,  a  celebrated 
Portuguese  navigator.  Several  years  after  Cabral's  death  his  re- 
mains were  transported  from  Portugal  and  solemnly  reinterred  in 
the  tower  of  a  cathedral  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.  This  country  was  gov- 
erned from  Portugal  until  the  month  of  February,  1818,  when  King 
Joah  VI  transferred  his  seat  of  government  from  Lisbon,  Portugal, 
to  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Thus,  for  the  only  time  in  history,  was  a  Euro- 
pean country  governed  from  American  soil.  In  1540  Captain  Fran- 
cisco Orellana,  one  of  Pizarro's  officers  in  the  conquest  of  Peru, 
descended  the  Amazon  river  in  an  open  boat  and,  in  some  manner, 
reach-ed  Spain  and  secured  reinforcements.  This  feat  of  descending 
the  Amazon  is  declared  to  be  the  most  amazing  feat  in  history.  A 
melancholy  incident,  of  many  years  since,  w'as  the  execution  of 
the  great  Brazilian  hero,  Tira-dentes  (tooth-puller),  who  was  pub- 
licly drawn  and  quartered  in  Rio  de  Janeiro.  This  event  greatly 
accelerated  the  bitter  feeling  against  Portugal  and  aided  in  the  cause 
of  freedom. 

King  Joah  finally  returned  to  Portugal,  leaving  his  son,  Dom 
Pedro,  to  govern  the  American  province.  Shortly  thereafter  Bra- 
zil revolted  from  Portugal  and  made  Dom  Pedro  Emperor,  and  in 
1824  the  Portuguese  government  acquiesced  to  th«  change.  The 
first  Emperor  eventually  o;ave  way  to  the  second  Dom  Pedro,  who 
was  crowned  the  la«t  Emperor,  on  July  18th,  1841.  Dom  Pedro  II 
was  expelled  from  the  country  and,  as  the  marvelous  grandeur  of 
Guanabara  Bay  faded  from  his  vision,  the  aged  exile  was  crushed 
in  spirit,  and,  with  a  broken  h-eart,  he  soon  died,  but  among  friends 
in  Portugal.  Brazilians  do  not  reflect  upon  the  character  of  Dom 
Pedro  II  and,  in  lieu  thereof,  many  commendable  things  are  said  in 
his  praise.  The  republic  was  finally  proclaimed  November  loth, 
1880. 

Abolition  of  slavery  in  the  United  States  of  America  led  di- 


24  A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

rectly  to  similar  action  in  Brazil,  when  on  May  13th,  1888,  a  decree 
abolishing  slavery  was  promulgated.  Sao  Paulo  is  the  richest  and 
most  progressive  state  in  the  country.  Its  capital  city,  of  the  same 
name,  made  the  surprising  record  of  increasing  in  population  from 
25,000  to  380,000  during  the  last  thirty  years.  This  state  exports 
annually  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  entire  coffee  production  of 
the  world  (210,000,000  pounds).  The  Caminho  do  Padre  Jose 
(Trail  of  Father  Jose)  in  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  corresponds  in  im- 
portance to  El  Camino  Real  (The  Real  Road)  of  California. 

I  herewith  copy  verbatim,  from  the  handbook  of  Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro, the  following  relative  to  the  wonderful  people  of  the  state 

of  Sao  Paulo : 

+t 

"In  the  humble  village  of  Santo  Andre  a  race  was  born,  half 
Indian,  half  Portuguese,  the  M'amelucos.  Enterprising1,  fearless,  re- 
lentless to  the  point  of  barbarism,  superhuman  in  their  hardiness, 
endurance  and  the  cheerful  manner  in  which  they  undertook  and 
accomplished  seemingly  impossible  tasks.  It  may  be  safely  said  that, 
if  the  Mamelucos  did  not  make  European  civilization  possible  in 
Southern  Brazil,  that  they  at x least  advanced  its  coming  and  devel- 
opment some  hundreds  of  years.  The  Mamelucos  subjected  to  sla- 
very whole  Indian  tribes  for  tilling  the  soil.  After  this  they  pene- 
trated the  entire  surrounding  country  and  even  entered  Bolivia, 
despite  swarms  of  cannibalistic  savages.  They  wrested  several 
great  provinces  from  Spain,  chased  the  French  out  of  Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro, discovered  the  best  gold  and  diamond  districts  in  Brazil  and 
broke  up  a  great  organization  of  renegades,  that  the  Dutch  had 
long  tried  to  suppress.  When  the  governor  of  Bahia  finally  called 
upon  them  to  help  subdue  a  powerful  Indian  nation,  the  Mamelucos 
pitched  in  and  massacred  the  entire  tribe.  Yes,  Brazil  owes  a  great 
deal  to  the  Mameluco  race." 

Extracts  From  the  Brazilian  Constitution. 

The  President  is  elected  for  a  four-year  term,  without  the  priv- 
ilege of  re-election.  Each  state  has  the  right  to  place  export  taxes 
upon  anything  that  is  produced  in  that  state  and  she  must  surren- 
der all  criminals  that  are  wanted  by  a  sister  state.  Deputies  and 
senators  are  barred  from  official  connection  with  any  bank  or 
other  enterprise  that  has  dealings  with  the  government.  All  na- 
tives are  considered  citizens ;  except  those  whose  fathers  are  in  the 
service  of  a  foreign  land.  Foreigners  who  own  property  in  Brazil, 
or  are  married  to  Brazilian  women,  or  who  have  Brazilian  chil- 
dren; provided  that  they  live  in  Brazil,  unless  they  declare  in  favor 
of  a  foreign  land,  these  are  all  citizens.  Members  of  religious 
orders,  beggars,  alphabets  and  criminals,  during  the  period  of  pun- 
ishment, are  barred  from  citizenship.  Civil  marriages  only  are 
recognized  'by  the  government.  The  death  penalty,  except  for 
treason,  was  long1  since  abolished.  Finally  the  constitution  de- 
clares that,  (under  no  circumstances,  will  the  nation  engage  in  war- 


26  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

fare  for  the  purpose  of  conquest.     Wenceslau  Braz  is  now  Presi- 
dent of  this,  country. 

On  October  7th  the  Republic  of  Panama  followed  the  exam- 
ple of  Brazil  and  also  of  several  other  Latin  American  nations  in 
legalizing  civil  marriages  only. 

Caught  on  the  Fly. 

In  traveling  all  over  Rio  de  Janeiro  the  following  additional 
objects  were  noticed:  A  picturesque  stone  aqueduct,  elevated 
railroads  and  mighty  fortifications;  in  fact,  everything  necessary 
to  the  well  being  of  its  people.  All  residences  are  of  -either  mar- 
ble, granite  or  cement.  Those  Who  are  wealthy  reside  in  hand- 
some mansions ;  the  middle  class  in  fine  homes,  on  50-foot  lots, 
and  the  poor  in  nice  clean  houses.  There  is  no  apparent  overcrowd- 
ing1. A  noteworthy  feature  of  the  towns  in  this  part  of  South 
America  is  that  a  large  percentage  of  all  homes  are  located  behinl 
ornamental  iron  fences  that  are  ten  feet  high.  Rio  does  not  build 
skyscrapers  and  the  nearest  approach  thereto  is  an  occasional  six 
or  seven  story  structure,  the  rest  averaging  three  stories  in  height. 
Artistic  fronts  and  brilliant  color  effects;  is  the  rule  in  this  coun- 
try. North  Americans  must  " watch  their  step"  down  here;  be- 
cause this  is  the  left-handed  country;  wherein  all  vehicles  and 
pedestrians  must  not  pass  to  the  right.  The  central  fire  station  is 
worth  especial  notice.  This  three-storied  structure  is  quadrangular 
in  shape,  around  a  spacious1  court,  and  is  $00  feet  square.  It  con- 
tains an  extensive  machine  shop,  large  kitchen,  dining  room  and 
quarters  for  200  firemen.  There  was  thirty-four  motor  driven  fire 
apparatus  of  English  make,  including  a  score  of  up  to  date  fea- 
tures novel  to  citizens,  of  our  country. 

Oh  yes,  k'the  begg'ans  have  come  to  town,"  in  rags  of  course, 
rig'ged  out  for  the  occasion,  but  they  are  clean,  they  have  to  be. 

The  5000  men  of  our  squadron,  inclusive  of  the  supply  ships, 
were  very  much  interested  in  the  fortifications  and  naval  arrange- 
ments of  Brazil;  and  especially  in  the  Brazilian  Naval 
Cadets.  These  little  fellows  enter  service  at  11  years  of  age,, 
for  a  fifteen  year  period.  During  the  first  twelve  years  they  re- 
ceive the  'best  kind  of  schooling.  The  last  three  years  is  spent  upon 
a  fine  full-rigged  ship  that  makes  a  complete  yearly  circuit  of  the 
globe. 

South  America  is  certainly  the  place  to  see  stiff-necked  peo- 
ple. If  you  don't  believe  it  just  go  down  there  and  take  note  of 
the  enormous  loads  that  are  being  borne  about  upon  the  heads  of 
some  of  the  people. 

The  United  States  of  the  Republic  of  Brazil  has  this  inscrip- 
tion on  her  flag:  "Ordem  e  Progresso"  (Order  and  Progress). 
This  nation  ownsi  most  of  the  railroads  and  a  greater  proportion 
of  its  people  are  in  the  public  service  than  any  other  country  so 
employs.  A  Wedding  procession  of  forty  automobiles.  Open  fu- 
neral cars  drawn  by  a  single  mule  and  one  that  was  very  elaborate 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  27 

with  four  mules  ahead.  Brazilians  talk  money  in  big!  figures;  for 
instance,  it  cost  100  reis  (2  1-8  cents)  for  a  five-mile  street  car  ride, 
400  reis  for  a  cup  of  coffee,  etc.  The  money  fluctuates!  from  36  to 
40  milreis  for  a  United  States  ten-dollar  gold  piece.  20$500  means 
20  milreis  and  500  reis. 


28  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 


CHAPTER  THREE 

It  is  one  thousand  miles  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  to  Mon- 
tevideo, Uruguay:  and  it  required  the  time  from  July  6th  to  the 
10th  for  making  this  trip.  There  was  but  one  topic  discussed  en- 
route;  and|that  was  relative  to  the  fine  reception  that  was  extended 
at  Rio;  and  by  people  whose  faces  and  actions  spoke  more  elo- 
quently than  the  English  words  that  they  are  unable  to  utter  could 
have  expressed.  All  hands  were  entirely  unprepared  to  learn  that 
Uruguay  was  about  to  accord  to  them  the  finest  reception  probably 
that  so  small  a  commonwealth  ever  extended  to  anybody.  They 
got  an  inkling  of  what  was  in  store  when,  accompanied  by  war- 
ships, twenty  excursion  steamers  ran  out  fifteen  miles  to  meet  them. 
These  steamers  were  literally  packed  with  wildly  cheering  people. 
This  demonstration  and  the  incessant  sounding  of  all  whistles,  afloat 
and  on  shore,  did  not  cease  until  long  after  the  squadron  had  cast 
anchor  in  the  so-called  Rio  de  la  Plata.  The  term  so1  called  is  here 
used,  because  this;  waterway  is  not  a  river  in  the  generally  accepted 
sense,  but  it  is  in  reality  a  very  broad  estuary. 

There  was  a  large  fleet  of  merchant  ships  and  men  of  war, 
including  several  interned  German  vessels,  about  us,  and  all  of  these, 
the  Germans  only  excepted,  were  dressed  in  honor  of  the  visitors; 
asi  was  practically  every  building  in  sight.  And  the  crowd !  Such 
a  crowd  as  there  was,  covering  the  embarkadero,  the  long)  piers  ex- 
tending therefrom  and  all  buildings  (250,000  would  be  a  moderate 
estimate  of  the  throng).  It  is  probable  that  none  of  our  company 
will  ever  again  see  so  many  flags  at  one  and  a  single  time,  as  there 
were  displayed.  Colors  of  the  entente  allies,  President  Wilson's  pic- 
ture, together  with  those  of  Washington  and  Lincoln,  and  also  ref- 
erences to  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  were  shown  all  over  town.  After 
the  shades  of  night  had  hidden  all  other  evidences  of  good  will  from 
the  ships,  then  a  bic]  electric  sign  on  shore  flashed  out  the  cheery 
word  "Welcome."  Some  idea  of  the  nature  of  the  harbor  here  may 
be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  two  of  our  cruisers  were  moored 
alongside  of  the  embankment. 

The  good  people  of  Uruguay  certainly1  did  draw  heavily  upon 
their  resources  to  entertain  Admiral  Caperton  and  his  men.  Space 
does  not  permit  a  detailed  description  of  this  feature.  The  Uru- 
guayan nation  had  placed  the  purposed  reception  under  control  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and  with  ample  funds  to 
insure  its  success.  This  arrangement  was  much  to  the  disgust  of 
saloonists  and  other  tough  resortsi;  especially  since  the  vilest  of 
these  places  were  forced  to  remain  closed  while  our  men  were 
ashore. 

In  every  port  visited  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
has  rendered  an  immense  amount  of  valuable  iservice  to  Uncle 
Sam's  boys;  and  this  was  especially  emphasized  at  Montevideo. 


I 


r 


30  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

The  women  of  this  town  worked  like  Trojans  in  concert  with  the 
association  members  to  make  our  sojourn  pleasant.  They  not  only 
provided  continuous  entertainment  at  various  places,  but  received 
the  sailor  lads  to  banquets  at  their  own  homes.  The  entertain- 
ments were  continuous  from  noon  until  midnight.  A  committee 
of  some  twenty  ladies  was  engaged  in  raising  funds  for  the 
United  States  Red  Cross,  but  discontinued  their  efforts  until  after 
the  squadron  should  leave.  One  of  these  women  assured  me,  while 
I  was  taking  tea  at  her  home,  that  she  had  personally  secured 
$891  and  14  tons  of  coal  at  $40  per  ton,  and  that  sh-e  presumed 
that  the  other  nineteen  solicitors  had  done  equally  well.  The 
boys  will  not  soon  forget  those  sweet  voiced  ladies,  who  sang1  so 
often  and  gave  exc-ellent  shows  of  local  talent  for  them.  The  song, 
;'Home,  Sweet  Home,"  was  a  winner  and  when  this  was  followed 
by  "Where  Is  My  Wandering  Boy  Tonight,"  and  "Is  My  Name 
Written  There,"  I  say  that  this  sank  dow*n  deeply  into  the  heart 
of  every  one  o,f  the  500  sailors  who  heard  it.  Am  sure  that  many 
of  these  lads  then  uttered  a  silent  prayer  that  God  should  bless 
the  g'ood  women  of  Montevideo.  The  English  speaking) ladies'  club, 
of  the  aristocratic  seminaries,  at  one  of  their  classical  entertain- 
ments sang1  the  rollicking  song,  "Ting-a-ling-a-ling'-a-ling. "  This 
ditty,  together  with  the  invitation  that  followed  it,  just  swept  the 
lads  right  off  their  feet  and  their  hearts  are  ting-a-ling-a-lingeling 
yet. 

The  Uruguayan  minister  of  war,  Dr.  Baltazar  Brum,  issued  the 
following  message :  "As  for  me,  there  exists  in  America  but  one 
nation,  the  American,  therefore  I  am  a  pan- Americanist. "  Per- 
mit the  statement  right  here  that  the  time  is  opportune  for  every 
true  American  to  rally  around  President  Wilson  in  his  warfare 
for  the  universal  brotherhood  of  mankind.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  Monroe  doctrine  is  more  highly  esteemed  throughout  Latin 
America  than  is  generally  understood.  United  States  of  America 
tourists  often  get  misleading  impressions  from  the  people  with 
whom  they  are  able;1  to  converse.  These  latter  are  seldom  the  na- 
tives, but  Europeans,  who  are  bitter  because  Europe  is  not  per- 
mitted to  have  a  free  hand  in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  There  is 
sometimes  found  adverse  criticism  of  the  United  States  among  na- 
tives, which  is  usually  caius-ed  by  these  same  European  critics.  There 
is  no  question  whatever  that  European  residents  of  Latin  America 
are  the  chief  sources  of  adverse  criticism  of  the  natives  as  to  the 
motives  that  actuate  the  LTnited  States  of  America.  The  only  reason 
why  European  financial  interests  are  more  in  evidence  in  Latin 
America  than  are  those  of  the  United  States  is  because  the  latter 
has  not  been  so  alert  concermns;  her  own  affairs. 

The  Oriental  Republic  of  Uruguay. 


La   Republica    Oriental   del  ^Uruguay,    or,    as   it   is   sometimes 

1'f'f^T^        T?  £*T~\n  V\l 1  n  o  s\      riiol       I  I  Y*n  o*n  o  AT  TPTi/i     >-i  o  -f  "1<\rpG      m~|pll      li"      ^  ^  (")O-T*OO- 

Because    of    its    geo- 


written,  Republicao  del  Uruguay.     The  natives  spell  it 
goo-iah,"   and    pronounce  it   "Oo-ru-giiy. " 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  31 

graphical  position,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Uruguay  river,  this  coun- 
try was  formerly  known  as  the  land  of  the  Banda  Oriental.  It  is 
nearly  300  miles  long  by  about  250  in  width.  The  discovery  was 
made  by  Juan  Diaz  de  Salis,  who,  while  burying  a  sailor  on  shore, 
was  killed  by  the  Charrua  Indians.  The  commonwealth,  founded 
thereafter,  has  survived  and  prospered  despite  the  ravages  of 
many  periods  of  cruel  warfare.  The  most  notable  of  these  wars 
Brazil  against  Paraguay.  The  struggle  lasted  seven  years,  ending 
in  1870,  and  at  an  expense  to  the  Brazilian  government  of  $150,- 
000,000,  to  Argentina  of  $35,000,000  and  to  Uruguay  of  $10,000,000. 
The  struggle  did  not  end  until  practically  the  adult  male  popula- 
tion of  Paraguay  had  been  destroyed.  By  the  treaty  of  peace  the 
surviving  Paraguayans  undertook  to  pay  their  conquerors  the  $195,- 
000,000  above  indicated.  This  vast  sum  meant  $650  per  capita  of 
the  surviving  population.  The  entire  world  owes  a  sincere  tribute 
of  respect  to  this  small  nation  of  Paraguay  for  its  unparalelled 
lesson  in  patriotism.  During  the  struggle  mentioned  above  the 
principal  battles  were  those  of  Uruguayana,  Humatia,  Paso  del 
Patra  and  Santiago  del  Estero. 

July  18th  and  August  25th  are  the  principal  national  holidays, 
the  first  being  in  honor  of  the  constitution  and  the  other  to  cele- 
brate its  independence  from  Brazil.  Uruguay  was  formerly  the 
Brazilian  province  of  Sacramento. 

It  is  an,  open  question  if  any  nation  has  a  higher  gold  standard 
than  Uruguay.  It  made  our  fellows  stiffen  right  up  when  their 
$20  gold  pieces  had  to  be  discounted  11  per  cent  in  this  very  small 
country.  Catholicism  is  no  longer  the  established  church  there. 
The  national  free  public  school  system  is  par-excellent  and  so  com- 
prehensive as  to  embrace  most  branches  of  instruction  from  kin- 
dergarten through  the1  professional  courses.  The  judiciary  occupies 
a  high  plane  and  among  its  provisions  there  are  many  unusual  fea- 
tures, i  e. :  A  woman  has  the  privilege  of  appearing  quietly  before 
a  magistrate  to  request  separation  from  her  husband.  She  is  then 
instructed  to  return  ai  year  later.  If  she  then  reiterates  her  former 
request,  the  divorce  is  granted  and  the  man  must  step  aside.  The 
law  is  about  to  be  amended  so  as  to  grant  the  same  privilege  to  men. 
There  is  practically  no  expense  attached  to  divorce  proceedings, 
and,  under  no  circumstances,  is  the  public  advised  thereabout. 

The  Spanish  custom  incident  to  the  names  of  persons  prevails 
here.  So  that,  if  a  man  named  Zabala  marries  a  woman  whose 
name  is  San  Martin,  then  the  future  name  of  the  woman,  in  literal 
English,  would  be  Mrs.  Zabala  of  San  Martin.  If  the  couple  should 
have  a  son,  whose  given  name  is  Juan,  then  that  lad's  full  name 
would  be  Senor  Juan  Zabala  de  San  Martin  (the  mother's  name  ap- 
pearing last).  The  President  and  senators  are  elected  for  a  four- 
year  term,  and  without  the  privilege  of  their  being  re-elected.  It 
is  probable  that  the'  Presidency  feature  will  soon  give  place  to  an 
executive  council  of  five  members.  The  year  of  independence  was 


32  A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

1830,  and  General  Artegas  is  remembered  as  the  father  of  his  coun- 
try.    Feliciano  Viera  is  the  President  at  this  time. 

Admiral  Caperton  provided  a  splendid  banquet  aboard  the 
flagship  for  the  personnel  of  the  Uruguayan  navy  and  magnificent 
balls  were  given  upon  the  quarterdeck. 

r 

Thei  City  of  Montevideo  (Montevidao) . 

This  modern  hi»h  class  Spanish  type  city  has  a  cosmopolitan 
population  of  290.000,  and  means  "I  see  a  mountain."  When  Bruno 
Maurisco  de-  Zabala  was  cruising  in  the  South  Atlantic  one  of  his 
sailors  suddenly  cried  out,  "I  see  a  mountain."  Zabala  got  busy 
right  away  and  settled  the  place  with  people  from  Spanish  Galicia 
and  also  from  the  Canaries  in  Africa.  This  statement  was  made  by 
one  Uruguayan  official.  Another  official  in  the  same  public  office 
interposed  with  this  remark :  The  first  settlers  were  Basques,  from 
the  oldest  known  people  in  Europe,  and  an  early  name  for  this 
city  was  "Nueve  Vizcaya." 

As  .Montevideo  is  largely  like  other  South  American  cities,  it 
will  not  be  extensively  described  herein,  but  merely  compared 
with  Rio  de  Janeiro.  The  latter  town  apparently  excels  the  for- 
mer in  scenic  effects,  parks,  monuments,  uniforms,  etc. ;  also  in 
public  buildings,  shipping  facilities,  homes  for  all  classes,  and 
civic  government. 

Montevideo  probably  excels  in  free  educational  institutions, 
has  a  more  reliable  monetary  system,  wider  and  more  regular 
streets,  is  better  lighted  and  has  finer  business  structures  and  fac- 
tories than  Rio.  Furthermore,  it  is  more  cosmopolitan  and  ener- 
getic than  the  latter.  Homes  and  home  life  are  quite  dissimilar 
between  the  two  places.  In  Rio  residences  are  of  the  Portuguese 
and  French  styles,  with  some  semi-Pompeiian  effects,  while  at 
Montevideo  those  of  the  modern  Spanish  and  Italian  styles  pre- 
vail. To  those  of  us  who  are  unfamiliar  with  Spanish  custom, 
their  style  of  homes  are  a  pleasing  sight.  These  abodes  are  en- 
tered through  spacious  hallways,  where  marble  wainscoting,  frost- 
ed and  stained  glass,  frescoed  ceilings  and  statuary  effects  are 
seen.  The  hallwaj71  leads  to  an  open  court  that  is  replete  in  green- 
ery, fountains  and  all  sorts  of  pleasing  things.  The  house  is  built 
around  this  court,  or  patio,  and  the  several  apartments  are  cov- 
ered with  a  gabled  skylight  roof.  By  the  simple  turning  of  a 
crank  these  skylights  slide  back  so  that  the  people  of  any  apart- 
ment may  take  their  siesta  or  sleep  in  the  open  air.  There  is  a 
charming  restful  quietness  prevalent  throughout  all  of  the  resi- 
dence districts.  The  Italian  hospital  is  a  magnificent  work  of 
art,  of  great  size  and,  all  points  considered,  it  is  probably  second 
to  none  on  the  Western  Hemisphere.  A  fine  English  hospital  is 
near  by  that  of  the  Italians.  In  the  latter  institution  a  noted 
North  American  woman  missionary,  who  is  critically  ill,  was  being; 
tenderly  nursed  back  tc  health. 


A  Reminder  of    MONTEVIDEO 
A  Uruguayan  Artist's  conception  of  a  United  States  Sailor. 


34  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

Caught  on  the  Fly. 

South  America  is  written  "Sud  America"  by  the  Spanish  and 
"Sao  America"  by  Portuguese  speaking  people.  Spaniards  claim 
that  Columbus  was  the  first  man  to  sight  South  America.  They 
say  that  he  entered  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  river,  but  failed  to 
land.  Street  cars  are  up  to  date,  namely,  they  carry  more  pas- 
sengers than  the  sign  displayed,  "Capacidad  28  sentados, "  author- 
ize. Other  signs  noticed  in  these  cars  are:  "Prohibido  escupir  en 
el  coche,"  and  "Prohibido  Fumido  (smoking)."  No  man  sits 
while  a  woman  stands  in  these  cars.  Furthermore  all  persons 
come  to  a  halt  and  the  men  uncover  while  a  funeral  procession  is 
passing.  Open  funeral  cars,  typical  of  Latin  America,  convey  the 
dead,  in  plain  coffins,  that  are  without  handles,  to  cemeteries 
which  are  well  cared  for.  It  is  a  question  whether  one  can  find 
more  artificial  flowers  elsewhere  than  are  seen  in  the  cemeteries 
here ;  nor  such  a  fine  display  of  bronze  statuary  and  busts.  Swains 
must  court  their  enamorettas  from  long  range  in  this  town.  For 
example,  they  may  signal  from,  across  the  street  or  plead  their 
cause  through  an  open  door  or  window.  In  Rio  there  are  but 
few  horses,  and  in  their  stead  a  poor  type  of  mule,  Avhile  Monte- 
video is  conspicuous  for  the  most  excellent  kind  of  horses  and 
equipages.  A  troop  of  cavalry  horses  was  of  the  finest  of  stock. 
Salutations  of  the  many,  who  "no  comprehend"  our  lingo,  was 
"Nice,  Americano,  good  morning  and  good  bye." 

Departure  From  Uruguay. 

A  great  crowd  covered  the  waterfront  as  our  squadron 
weighed  anchor,  and  excursion  steamers  packed  with  cheering  peo- 
ple esicorted  us  out  of  port,  while  their  excellent  naval  band  played 
"Marching  Through  Georgia."  Am  sure  that  every  Yankee  heart 
then  went  out  to  these  good  people  and  that  the  common  senti- 
ment was  "O,  you  Montevideo;  good-bye  and  good  luck." 

It  was  10  o'clock  a.  m.  July  22nd  when  the  squadron  started 
upon  the  125-mile  run  to  Buenos.  Aires.  Argentina. 

Almost  before  the  city  of  Montevideo  had  disappeared  from 
view  an  Argentine  squadron  of  five  fine  war  ships  hove  in  sight 
and  the  Uruguayan  fleet  departed. 

Address  of  Dr.  Juan  Zorilla  de  San  Martin,  the  Most  Noted  Man  of 

Letters  in  Uruguay. 

"My  friends:  Among  all  the  demonstrations  of  affectionate 
welcome  which  I  have  had  to  interpret  into  words,  as  President 
of  the  Popular  Committee  which  has  organized  them,  none,  I  as- 
sure you,  has  moved  me  more  profoundly  than  this  one,  so  modest 
in  appearance,  in  which  we  offer  you  a  family  reiunion,  and  where, 
as  a  father  at  the  head  of  his  table,  I  am  called  upon  to  ask  the 
accustomed  blessing. 

"I  had  the  honor  of  voicing  the  sentiment  of  the  Uruguayan 
people  when  they  unanimously,  overflowing  with  acclamations, 


A   Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  35 

thronged  on  land  and  sea  to  meet  you.  From  the  balcony  of  the 
United  States  legation  I  said  to  forty  thousand  of  my  fellow  coun- 
trymen there  met  in  the  public  street,  that  it  was  a  splendid  truth 
which  they  joyously  felt  and  loudly  proclaimed;  that  we  Uru- 
guayans, sons  of  Artigas,  are  brothers  of  the  Americans,  sons  of 
Washington;  but  that  we  are  brothers  not  so  much  by  the  geo- 
graphical or  material  unity  of  the  continent  in  which  we  live,  but 
by  something  much  deeper,  something1  that  spring's  from  the  very 
roots  of  our  being;  because  we  Uruguayans  and  North  Americans, 
like  all  the  other  peoples  of  America,  are  sons  of  one  common 
mother,  the  alma  mater  Democracy,  mother  at  once  of  Peace,  Lib- 
erty and  Justice. 

"It  is  the  breath,  indeed,  of  that  great  lady  of  our,  Democ- 
racy, my  friends,  which  waves  those  glorious  banners  that  you  un- 
furl on  your  mastheads ;  it  is  her  breath  which  carries  them  into  this 
war  that  America  has  not  provoked,  but  that  has  struck  her  to  the 
heart  with  its  mailed  fist  and  has  aroused  her  in  the  name  of  her 
duty  toward  humanity;  it  is.  in  a  word,  that  which  now  welds  in 
a  great  embrace  your  ensigns  fill-ed  with  the  light  of  the  stars  and 
ours  filled  with  the  splendor  of  the  sun  and  makes  of  them  one  ben- 
encient  constellation. 

"But  this  moment  has  come  in  which  I  find  myself  in  relation 
not  with  a  great  multitude  or  a  gigantic  collective  person,  but  in 
immediate  and  affectionate  contact  with  men  whom  we  love  indi- 
vidually, with  spirits  that  are  to  us  real  favorites ;  with  -each  and 
all  of  you,  valiant  and  good  seamen  of  our  great  sister,  toward 
whom  I  feel  an  irresistible  impulse  of  genuine  affection. 

"AndUhis  constitutes,  my  friends,  the  most  intimate  of  brother- 
hoods. If  the  fraternity  of  our  countries  comes  from  the  common 
mother.  Democracy,  this  of  which  I  now  speak,  this  which  in- 
spires -in  me  such  warmth  of  affection  and  interest  in  each  and 
every  one  of  you.  this  comes  from  something  higher  and  more 
enduring  in  our  common  universal  Father,  our  Father  which  is 
in  Heaven,  and  who  is  one  with  the  Son  whom  we  all  worship, 
•Jesus  Christ  the  Divine  Redeemer  of  men. 

"I  wish  to  speak  to  you  of  Him  on  this  occasion,  my  friends 
and  brothers,  because  I  wish  to  leave  in  your  souls  as  the  most 
precious  remembrance  of  my  country,  living  and  eternal  words. 
Cherish  them  as  precious  jewels,  in  the  depths,  in  the  most  inti- 
mate and  hidden  recesses  of  the  secret  places  of  your  hearts. 

"This  house  that  we  have  specially  prepared  for  you  in  order 
that  you  might  pass  here  in  innocent  and  pleasant  occupation  your 
leisure  time,  in  order  that  you  might  here  find,  a  reflection  of 
your  far  away  home,  in  order  that  you  might  here  renew  the 
memory  of  your  fathers,  of  your  mothers,  of  your  sweethearts,  who 
are  now  thinking  of  you;  of  your  native  land  in  which  your  ab- 
sence is  felt  while  you  are  away  on  the  call  of  your  country;  this 
house  and  this  meeting  which  we  offer  you  show  that  we  Uru- 
guayans have  been  thinking  of  you  all  individually,  that  we 


36  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

have  seen  in  the  crews  of  your  formidable  warships  not  only  the 
units  of  an  army  which  is  passing:,  but  the  members  of  a  family, 
with  whom  we  share  our  home ;  not  an  anonymous  group  of  be- 
ings destined  to  die,  but  a  handful  of  beloved  brothers  for  whose 
life  we  raise  our  prayer  to  our  common  Father  and  whom  we 
would  wish  to  -embrace  one  by  one,  to  save  one  by  one  from  the 
dangers  and  hidden  enemies,  not  only  material  but  moral  as  well, 
which  may  rise  to  meet  them  in  their  uns-elfish  journeyings  to  and 
fro  by  sea  and  land. 

"I  see  now  before  me  that  fair  young  sailor,  almost  a  child, 
who  looks  at  me  with  his  large  blue  eyes  full  of  memories;  and 
that  oth-er,  yes  hundreds  of  others.  A  profound  feeling  of  per- 
sonal affection.  I  was  going  to  say  fatherly  affection,  is  awakened 
in  my  heart  and  surges  up  to  irritate  my  eyes.  I  am  thinking  of 
the  pure  and  lovely  things  which  bind  men  closest  together;  I  feel 
that  the  strongest  of  ties  is  being  knit  between  my  soul  and  yours, 
my  braA^e  lads,  joyous  heralds  of  mother  America,  soldiers  of  jus- 
tice, of  right,  and  of  peace. 

"And  my  soul  is  lifted  instinctively  toward  our  Common 
Father,  toward  the  provident  Father  which  is  in  Heaven. 

"I  come  to  'bid  you  farewell,  my  friends;  we  shall  probably 
not  meet  again  on  earth.  Will  you  keep  my  remembrance,  the 
greetings  of  anonymous  friends  who  hav-e  loved  you  in  Montevideo 
and  whom  you  have  met  on  your  passing  visit  to  this  good  land  of 
Uruguay  ? 

"This  remembrance  may  become  vague,  or  even  vanish;  the 
winds  of  the  seas,  the  vivid  presence  of  other  lands,  will  dissipate 
it  like  a  vapor.  But  there  is'  one  tie,  one  only,  which  the  winds  will 
not  dispel.  When  on  the  starlit  nights  in  the  midst  of.  the  infinite 
ocean,  you  pass  th-e  slow  hours  of  the  night  watch  at  the  foot  of 
your  formidable  cannon  more  than  once  you  will  lift  your  eyes  to 
the  firmament  above,  and  more  than  once  you  will  feel  pass  among 
the  constellations  the  memories  of  the  absent  country  for  whose 
glory  you  strug'gle,  and  they  will  fill  your  hearts  with  peace,  with 
energy,  with  valor;  you  will  see  there  the  images  of  those  who  love 
you  most  in  all  the  world  and  whom  you  have  left  in  your  native 
land,  the  image  perchance  of  yo'ur  moth-ers  who  in  those  very  mo- 
ments will  be  lifting  their  Christian  prayers  to  Heaven  for  you  that 
God  may  keep  you  in  His  care  and  that  in  your  journeyings  over 
far  away  seas  and  lands  He  may  give  you  friends  who  may  have 
toward  you  something  of  the  paternal  affection,  who  may  see  in 
you  not  only  the  strong  arms  of  warriors,  but  noble  and  Christian 
spirits,  and  who  may  speak  to  you  now  and  again  of  God,  of  Jesus 
Christ  the  Redeemer,  of  purity,  of  confidence  in  the  Heavenly 
Father,  of  the  fulfillment  of  your  duties  toward  the  good  God,  to- 
ward your  fellowmen  and  toward  yourselves. 

' '  That  is  what  we  wish  to  be  to  you  at  this  moment ;  the  friends 
of  your  souls  who  give  you,  amorigi  the  transitory  things  the  living 


38  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

word  which  cannot  pass  away;  friends  who  may  be  to  you  in  place 
of  mothers,  sisters,  and  those  who  love  you  most  intensely. 

"It  is  well  to  remember,  my  friends,  that  among  the  many 
who  show  you  attentions  in  a  more  or  less  collective  and  super- 
ficial fashion,  there  remain  in  Uruguay  those  who  have  loved  you 
individually  and  who  will  follow  you  with  affection  after  you  have 
abandoned  our  hospitable  harbor;  remember,  young  and  valiant 
sailors  of  the  democratic  fleet,  that  some  there  are  who,  on  remem- 
bering this  group  of  fair  youthful  heads  uniformed  in  white,  will 
lift  their  spirits  to  the  Father  which  is  in  Heaven,  and  will  pray 
that  on  every  one  may  come  His  omnipotent  protecton,  His  illum- 
inating' inspirations.  His  fortitude  and  His  peace ;  they  will  ask  that 
He  guard  you  all  from  the  moral  and  material  dangers  that  rise  to 
meet  you,  and  that  He  return  you  well  and  safe  to  your  beloved 
homeland — better  even  and  stronger  than  when  you  set  out  from 
her  shores. 

"And  thus  it  will  be,  my  friends,  because  the  way  you  take  is 
the  way  of  virtue  and  heroism.  That  star  spangled  banner  of  your 
country,  under  whose  shadow  you  sail  the  seas,  is  a  sacred  thing, 
as  you  well  know;  in  her  folds  there  floats  the  very  Spirit  of  God, 
the  God  that  inspired  your  virtuous  Washington,  and  to  whom  the 
framers  of  your  Constitution  raised  their  devout  invocation ;  that 
banner  Avill  inspire  you  always  with  sentiments  of  valor  and  heroism, 
and  it  will  lead  you  in  the  way  of  victory. 

"But  do  not  forget,  friends,  that  the  most  glorious  of  victories, 
that  which  is  most  worthy  of  your  flag,  will  be  that  which  you  gain 
over  your  own  selves,  by  being  strong  in  character,  men  of  virtue 
and  of  heroic  will. 

"I  recall  at  this  moment  that,  at  the  beginning  of  this  war, 
when  invaded  Belgium  saw  her  youth  fall  sacrificed  in  the  van- 
guard of  her  heroic  resistance,  the  Belgian  mothers  cried  out  in  an- 
guish, 'but  firm  as  the  Christian  martyrs,  to  the  great  Cardinal  Mer- 
cier,  Archbishop  of  jVIalinas:  'Are  these  our  sons  who  die  on  the 
field,  martyrs  for  the  faith?'  ' Remember  for  your  supreme  conso- 
lation,' the  illustrious  prelate,  deeply  moved,  but  serene,  answered 
the  mothers  kneeling  before  him,  'Remember  that  many  of  those 
young  men  your  sons  who  possibly  might  not  have  had  the  valor  to 
live  well,  have  had  it  to  die  well.  They  have  been  happy  to  die  for 
their  country.' 

"And  you,  too,  be  thus,  my  friends,  living  by  your  country  and 
for  her;  be  worthy  of  life  and  you  will  be  worthy  of  a  glorious 
death — death  which  awaits  us  all  on  the  horizon  more  or  less  near, 
the  same  in  war  as  in  peace ;  be  noble  characters ;  be  strong  and 
valiant  as  men  and  you  will  be  such  as  soldiers ;  know  how  to  van- 
quish the  enemies  within  you  and  you  will  conquer  those  without 
however  strong;  ibe  good  sons  of  your  Father  which  is  in  Heaven 
and  so,  and  only  so,  will  you  be  worthy  sons  of  your  American 
Homeland  which  is  on  the  earth,  of  the  noble  lady  Democracy,  our 
common  mother  in  whose  defense  you  have  taken  up  arms,  and 


40  '  A'FYieh'dfy  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

which  is  nothing  else  than  virtue,  self-denial  in  favor  of  the  social 
well  being,  the  sacrifice  of  the  personal  to  the  collective  will,  on  the 
part  of  the  great  majority  of  citizens. 

"I  am  very  sure  that  you  will  always  be  such  for  the  glory  of 
our  democratic  America.  For  this  reason  I  speak  to  you  in  this 
fatherly  manner,  because  I  know  well  that  I  am  not  scattering  seed 
in  your  souls,  but  watering  rather  that  which  is  already  there,  sown 
by  your  parents  and  full  of  germinating  life.  Many,  and  most 
happy,  are  the  memories  left  in  Montevideo  by  the  notable  and 
gracious  visit  of  the  United  States  Fleet  to  which  you  belong,  but, 
my  valiant  sailors,  of  all  these  memories  the  most  gratifying  and 
lasting  is  that  of  your  own  conduct  among1  us;  we  have  seen  you 
in  our  streets  and  even  in  our  churches  asi  models  of  democratic 
culture;  you  have  left  us  the  example  of  an  army  of  gentlemen 
above  reproach,  of  men  truly  free  and,  Avhat  is  more,  of  citizens 
Worthy  of  that  freedom,  masters  of  themselves. 

"Farewell  then,  brave  soldiers  of  our  free  and  republican 
America.  I  have  given  you  in  my  words  the  most  precious  thing 
which  I  have  been  able  to  find  for  you  in  the  depths  of  my  soul 
the  best  that  as  a  parting  sift,  I  believe  is  to  be  found  among  the 
riches  of  this  my  country  of  Uruguay:  paternal  inspirations,  sin- 
cere love  for  your  souls.  Everything  else  passes  away,  this  alone 
remains  to,  and  throughout,  eternity. 

"Continue  then,  with  valor  and  with  unwavering  faith  in  vic- 
tory, your  glorious  journeyirigs  on  the  great  deep  in  the  beneficent 
shadow  of  your  spotless  banner.  Cherish  with  affection  the  remem- 
brance of  this  land  of  Uruguay,  whose  fraternal  embrace  your  very 
hearts  have  felt. 

"Good-bye,  friends,  may  you  be  happy. 
"Sons1,  brothers,  may  God  'bless  you." 

Ascent,  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  Also  Known  as  the  Plat  or  Plate. 

It  was  necessary,  on  account  of  shallow  water,  for  very  slow 
speed  throughout  the  trip ;  however,  the  city  of  Buenos  Aires  finally 
came  into  view  and  the  usual  gun  fire  salute  was  commenced. 

A  pause  must  be  made  here  for  relation  of  the  fact  that,  during 
this  journey  one  of  our  most  popular  lads,  Clay  T.  Lyles  of  Garland, 
Texas,  died  and  that,  after  the  customary  honors,  his  body  was  sent 
home. 

In  honor  of  the  arrival  of  a  United  States  squadron  all  places 
of  business  in  Buenos  Aires  had  been  closed,  and  the  people  were 
celebrating  in  great  style.  The  wharves  and  every  building1  in  sight 
was  covered  by  a  dense  multitude  of  fully  400,000.  These  people, 
from  all  over  the  nation,  kept  up  a  constant  cheer  as  our  ships 
swept  past  the  enormous  grain  elevators,  and  through  a  great  man- 
ufacturing1 district  to  one  of  the  basins,  where  all  of  our  cruisers 
tied  up  to  the  dock.  The  crowd  011  shore  was  decidedly  disappointed 


42  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

when  they  learned  that  there  would  be  no  liberty  privilege  granted 
until  the  following  day,  and  they  kept  up  an  incessant  clamor  that 
we  should  come  ashore  then  and  there. 

"Oh,  why  do  you  miss  the  good  time  that  we  have  arranged 
especially  for  tonight  "  they  cried.  During  the  -excitement  on 
shore  an  indiscreet  German  started  a  counter  demonstration.  I  say 
indiscreet,  because  the  man  came  too  next  day  in  a  hospital  and  he  is 
probably  still  there.  Some  idea  of  the  spirit  of  the  people  may  be 
inferred  from  the  following  fact :  Just  prior  to  our  arrival  one  of 
the  mightiest  demonstrations  ever  seen  in  South  America  was  madf 
by  a  gigantic  multitude,  that  surrounded  the  Presidential  Palace 
and  the  Parliament  building.  These  good  people  cheered  the  en- 
tente allies  to  the  echo  and  demand  war  against  the  common  enemy. 

At  the  opportune  time  (i.  e.,  after  the  admiral  had  paid  his  for- 
mal respect's  to  President  Irreguoien),  everybody  went  ashore,  and 
found  the  town  at  their  disposal.  "Keep  the  money,  we  don't 
need  it,"  was  the  sentiment  of  this  place.  There  was  too  much  of 
this  generous  treatment,  however :  because  so  many  of  the  lads 
longed  to  wander  about  at  their  own  swreet  will,  and  to  pay  for 
what  they  desired.  Despite  the  above,  it  is  needless  to  say  that 
every  mother's  son  of  us  went  broke  in  Buenos  Aires.  This  enor- 
mously wealthy  city,  in  concert  with  the  government,  saw  to  it 
1hat  every  sort  of  enjoyment  within  its  confines  should  be  free  to 
the  personnel  of  our  squadron.  To  this  end  the  theaters,  subway 
trains,  street  cars,  railroads,  etc.,  were  an  open-sesame  to  men  in 
uniform.  On  sight-seeing  trips  a  luncheon,  cigars,  bundles  of 
cigarettes,  etc.,  were  provided,  and  tips  to  waiters'  were  invariably 
refused.  The  government  furnished  a  sumptuous  dinner  to  all 
of  our  men.  Movie  actors?  Well,  I  should  say  so.  In  fact  the  lads 
broke  right  into  the  razzle-dazzle  picture  game  in  all  of  the  cities 
that  they  visited.  Space  forbids  a  farther  narration  of  this  topic 
and  it  will  be  dismissed  with  menton  of  the  following  incident: 
During  one  of  the  parades  that  the  Yankees  made,  cheering1  of  the 
populace  was  spontaneous,  and  especially  pronounced,  whenever 
the  procession  paused  long  enough  for  Admiral  Caperton  to  place 
wreaths'  before  the  monuments  of  Argentina's  heroic  dead. 

Oh,  by  the  way.  there  is  a  fine  statue  of  our  first  President, 
George  Washington,  in  the  Calle  3  de  Febrero  (the  month  in 
which  he  was  born)  of  this  city.  Bernardo  de  Rivadavia,  who  was 
the  first  President  of  Argentina,  is,  like  Washington,  also  called 
the  father  of  his  country.  Argentina's  independence  was  pro- 
claimed at  the  city  of  Tucuman,  on  the  9th  day  of  July,  1816.  One 
of  the  crowning  features,  in  honor  of  the  occasion,  was  the  mag- 
nificent electrical  illumination  of  the  place.  This  brilliant  display 
exceeded  anything  of  the  kind  that  was  seen  during  the  cruise ;  in 
fact,  it  surpassed  most  of  the  electrical  exhibits  that  many  of  the- 
greatest  of  North  American  cities  are  equal  to. 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  43 

The  C|ity  of  Buenos  Aires. 

(Meaning  good  airs.) 

This  is  the  metropolis  of  South  America  and,  from  an  ener- 
getic standpoint,  the  Chicago  of  the  land.  It  hajs  a  population  of 
1.700,000  and  is  growing  rapidly.  Furthermore  it  is  the  capital 
city  of  Argentina,  the  most  cosmopolitan  town  of  all  Latin  Amer- 
ica, and  in  the  forefront  of  modern  progress.  It  is  apparent  not 
only  in  this  city,  but  also  in  the  last  two  that  were  visited,  that 
there  is  ample  opportunity  for  capital  and  likewise  skilled  labor 
there. 

Don  Pedro  de  Mendoza  founded  the  first  of  the  many  settle- 
ments of  white  people  at  this  point,  and  that  was  in  1536.  The 
name  given  at  that  time  was  Ciudad  de  la  Santissima  Trinidad  y 
Puerto  de  Santa  Maria  de  Buenos  Aires.  The  appendix  Buenos 
Aires  was  given  by  Del  Campo.  who  was  the  first  man  to  step 
ashore.  Lous-  after  the  Indians  had  destroyed  several  of  the  settle- 
ments here,  then  General  Juan  de  Garay  appeared  upon  the  scene. 
Garay  promptly  hanged  the  governor,  mayor  and  sheriff,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  then  bossing  the  place.  After  the  hanging  episode  the 
city  was  re-established  and  under  its  prsent  name.  This  place  is 
rapidly  approaching  an  era  of  skyscraper  buildings,  and  it  is  con- 
spicuous for  advancement  along  many  ways.  The  three  principal 
railway  passenger  stations  are  of  gigantic  size  and  the  transporta- 
tion service,  mostly  double-tracked,  is  excellent.  Two  subway  inter- 
urban  lines  are  modeled  after  those  in  Paris,  Prance,  and  they  are 
very  fine.  One  of  the  most  wonderful  systems  of  grain  elevators  in 
all  the  world  is  located  at  this  point.  Property  has  become  so  val- 
uable that  the  commodious  Spanish  type  of  homes  will  shortly  be 
but  happy  reminiscences  of  the  past.  The  dead-wralls  and  a  few 
badly  constructed  streets  are  also  rapidly  giving!  way  to  improve- 
ments of  a  higher  order. 

All  public  buildings,  parks,  drives,  monuments,  etc.,  are  worth 
seeing.  The  Zoological  Gardens,  botanical  display  and  the  great 
French  military  exhibit  interested  the  sailors.  In  this  display  there 
were  extensive  trenches  and  wire  entanglemnts,  also  a  great  many 
aeroplanes  and  guns  that  were  taken  from  the  Germans  during  the 
present  w7'ar.  There  are  six  free  municipal  hospitals';  in  fact  none 
of  the  foreign  hospitals  refuse  to  care  for  free  patients.  Aside 
from  this  there  are  five  public  institutions  where  no  charge  is 
made  for  the  care  of  children,  while  their  parents  are  at  work. 
In  addition  to  this  there  are  a  score  of  societies  for  uplift,  social 
betterment,  relief  of  the  poor,  etc.  Some  of  the  streets  here,  as 
well  as  in  the  other  places  already  described,  are  designated  by 
definite  dates,  such  as  Calle  25  Mayo,  Rua  13  Decembre.  Paseo  9 
de  Julio,  etc.  The  two  principal  national  holidays  are  July  9th 
and  May  25th.  The  first  corresponds  to  our  4th  of  July  and  the 
latter  is  in  anniversary  of  the  time  when  the  English  were  driven 
from  Buenos  Aires. 


44  A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America 

The  Argentine  Republic. 

(Formerly  the  Spanish  Viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Aires.) 
This  nation  has  an  area  of  1,138,000  square  miles,  and  from 
the  statistics  of  1916,  it  appears  that  the  total  population  was  but 
7,885,237.  This  population  consisted  of  492,636  Italians,  198,685 
Spaniards,  21,789  English,  and  but  1,381  North  Americans.  A  dozen 
scattering  smaller  lots  make  up  the  total  number  of  the  2,357,952 
that  are  registered  as  foreigners.  The  climate  is  similar  to  that  of 
California  and  the  products  (timber  excepted)  are  so  diversified 
as  to  comprise  most  of  those  that  are  native  to  the  United  States. 
It  is  a  question  whether  any  country  can  make  so  excellent  a  show- 
ing of  hardwoods.  Catholicism  is  the  -established  religion,  but  it 
is  rapidly  on  the  wane.  A  significant  sign  thereof  is  that  the  re- 
cently elected  President  Hipolito  Irregoyen,  in  taking  the  oath  of 
office  that  includes  allegiance  to  the  church,  concluded  in  sub- 
stance thus:  "I  subscribe  to  the  church  requirement  purely  as  a 
matter  of  form."  It  is  furthermore  said  that  President  Irregoyen 
is  one  of  the  greatest  philanthropists  in  South  America,  whose 
munificence  totals  about  $50,000  annually,  that  he  has  the  confi- 
dence o,f  the  people  and  is  unassuming  in  every  way.  Five  great 
railway  systems  have  their  termini  in  Buenos  Aires,  where  the 
finest  Parliament  Building  in  South  America  is  located.  The  Rio 
de  Laplata,  with  an  average  width  of  thirty-five  miles,  extends  in- 
land between  Argentina  and  Uruguay  for  one  hundred  and  eighty 
miles,  where  it  receives  waters  of  the  Uruguayana  (Uruguay)  and 
Parana  Rivers.  The  meaning  of  R.io  de  Laplata  is  River  of  Silver, 
and  of  Argentina  Silverland.  The  greatest  engineering  feat  of 
South  America  is  the  tunnel  that  was  forced  through  the  Andes 
Mountains,  between  Argentina  and  Chili.  Some  years  since  many 
Normal  School  teachers  were  imported  from  the  United  States  to 
introduce  a  modernized  system  of  education.  Local  prejudice  im- 
peded the  work  and,  for  this  and  other  reasons,  the  public  school 
system  is  yet  to  become  a  satisfactory  institution.  Now  the  people 
are  getting  at  this  thing  in  their  own  way  and  it  is  not  so  certain 
that  it  is  not  the  better  way.  Surely  Argentina  is  not  asleep  in 
either  this  or  any  other  respect.  The  republic  reserves  for  itself 
one-third  of  the  extensive  oil  fields  that  are  within  its  confines. 
President  Irregoyen  voluntarily  serves  his  country  without  pay. 
During  the  time  that  Admiral  Caperton  and  his  men  were 
in  Buenos  Aires  the  resident  German  Minister,  Count  Von  Luxburg, 
took  special  pains1  to  remain  away  from  the  city.  However,  this 
stunt  "didn't  get  him  anywhere,"  because  after  our  departure,  the 
Argentine  Government  asked  him  to  skedaddle  for  good.  Then 
came  the  anti-German  ultimatum  from  Peru  and  Uruguay.  All  of 
Latin  America  was  then  in  line  except  Chili,  Paraguay,  Ecuador, 
Colombia,  Venezuela,  Guiana,  San  Salvador  and  Mexico.  The  most 
of  these  nations  will  certainly,  at  the  time  necessary,  line  up;  and 
those  that  don't  are  sure  to  find  themselves  elevated  upon  a  pedes- 
tal of  splendid  isolation. 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  'iintiti*  'Arlierictf 


Onr  squadron  left  Buenos  Aires  on  the  return  trip  to  Rio,  July 
31st.  The  Argentine  fleet,  headed  by  the  majestic  battleship  Riva- 
davia,  escorted  us,  with  two  large  torpedo  boats  guarding  both 
sides  of  each  cruiser,  and  in  this  way  did  Argentina  keep  constant 
vigil  over  our  safety  for  sixteen  long  hours. 

Leading  Article  of  "La  Epoca"   on  the    Arrival  of  the  American 

Fleet  in  Buenos  Aires,  July  24th,  1917  —  A  Hearty 

Welcome  to  Them. 

"The  fleet  of  the  United  States  of  America  has  arrived,  and  it 
is  welcome  ;  let  our  country  be  theirs,  our  home  their  home,  and  let 
them  find  in  our  language  the  same  manly  sentiments  that  we  ex- 
press in  their  language  in  moments  of  enthusiasm.  Let  the  vessels 
of  the  United  States  be  welcomed,  and  may  the  stars  of  their  flag 
shine  in  the  Argentine  firmament  as1  in  their  own.  May  their  keels 
rest  in  Argentine  waters  after  their  long1  journey,  as  in  friendly 
waters,  and  may  their  presence  here  be  as  of  a  brother  in  a  brother's 
house.  Our  country  celebrates  the  occasion  as  a  holiday,  and  the 
multitudes  that  fill  the  wharves  of  the  docks,  filled  with  the  mer- 
chandise that  represents  the  country's  wealth,  offer  their  hearts 
and  their  hands  as  a  welcome  from  a  proud  and  manly  nation. 

'  *  Let  the  sailors  from  the  United  States  be  welcome  ;  their  pres- 
ence ratifies  a  friendship  o,f  centuries,  like  a  giranite  monument 
built  on  the  unforgotten  words  of  Henry  Clay:  The  North  Ameri- 
can fleet  will  not  find  anything  fictitious  or  artificial  in  this  people, 
that  well  understand  the  high  motives  that  serve  to  impulse  the 
acts  of  great  nations.  Our  words  are  sincere,  and  our  sentiments 
real,  and  in  such  terms  the  same  sentiments  were  uttered  to  Root, 
liowe,  Roosevelt  and  Sherrill,  that  is  to  say  that  the  Argentine 
people  loves  and  admires  the  United  States  and  its  people. 

"We  remember  that  our  institutiins  are  inspired  in  theirs,  and 
that  their  demorracy  has  served  as  a  model  for  ours,  that  their 
brave  rectitude  served  to  protect  our  infancy  as  a  nation,  and  that 
their  manly  energy  was  a  vigorous,  eloquent  and  constant  lesson 
of  'self-help'  for  this  young  Republic,  in  way  of  formation  itself. 
At  the  present  moment,  full  of  uncertainty  and  unrest  the  United 
States,  from  its  historic  capital  by  the  voice  of  President  Wilson, 
concentrates  and  sends  forth  on  the  path  o,f  justice,  the  spirit  of 
the  nations.  Wilson  lays  forth  the  formula  of  sacred  altruism  for 
humanity,  as  against  the  egoism  of  nations  that  have  distinguished 
themvselv-es  in  European  diplomacy  in  the  actual  conflict.  The 
United  States  ratifies  the  ideas  of  Wilson,  by  its  material  manifes- 
tation, according1  to  the  doctrines  of  the  President. 

"Let  us  save  the  women  and  children,  let  us  save  men,  let  us 
save  humanity,  saving  from  tyranny  those  imperishable  principles 
of  morality  that  distinguish  the  civilization  of  our  times,  making 
il  just  and  benign,  the  opposite  to  civilizations  that  have  passed, 
whose  grandeur  materially  was  innerly  uncouth  and  barbarous. 


A  Friendly  Cruise  Around  Latin  America  47 

Thus  spoke  President  Wilson,  and  one  hundred  millions  of  free 
citizens  are  with  him. 

"Let  us  remember  these  things:  It  is  impossible  not  to  do  so, 
when  we  see  amongst  the  fog  of  our  estuary,  appear  the  vessels  of 
the  fleet  of  the  United  States.  We  know  that  they  bring  us  a  mes- 
sage of  peace  and  of  justice,  and  we  do  not  lorget  that  they  are 
instruments  of  war  moved  by  a  sincere  desire  to  do  away  with  vio- 
lence and  iniquity  among  the  nations. 

"We  must  also  remember  that  the  sailors  of  the  United  States 
have  prepared  for  war,  calmly  and  bravely,  as  gentlemen  and  mar- 
iners, in  the  service  of  an  ideal  that  is  now  common  to  all  peoples 
brought  up  to  respect  liberty  and  justice ;  and  we  welcome  the  fleet 
of  the  United  States." 

Other  Incidents  of  the  Cruise. 

This  chapter  will  be  closed  with  the  following  brief  state- 
ment :  The  Rio  de  Laplata  is  conspicuous  for  gulls  that  are  of  the 
same  species  as  those  that  are  to  be  seen  along  the  Pacific  Coast 
OL  North  America.  The  only  other  gulls  noticed  down  south  were 
a  ,few  of  very  small  -size  that  flew  about  Guana'bara  Bay.  Between 
San  Diego  and  the  Rio  de  Laplata  no  mills,  except  the  small  ones 
mentioned  were  seen.  Instead  of  gulls  many  jet  black  Bosun 
birds  that  are  graceful  and  shapely  cut,  appear. 

Our  sojourn  throughout  the  Southern  seas  was  not  all  play 
by  any  means,  because  each  vessel,  including  the  flagship,  de- 
voted considerable  time  to  patrol  duty  between  the  South  Ameri- 
can and  African  continents.  No  vessel  was  permitted  to  pass  that 
did  not  exhibit  sufficient  evidence  of  her  right  to  do  so.  During 
patrols  the  entire  ship's  company,  -excepting  the  few  that  must 
icinain  on  duty,  was  assembled  upon  the  quarterdeck  each  evening 
at  sundown  for  prayer  service.  This  was  a  pretty  scene  and  not 
at  all  displeasing  to  the  men. 


48  Homeward  Bound 


CHAPTER  FOUR. 

There  were  momentous  happenings  on  September  21st,  when 
the  Admiral  transferred  his  flag  to  the  South  Dakota,  and  when 
those  of  us  who  were  destined  for  return  to  the  States  were  sent 
over  to  the  collier  Orion.  The  Admiral's  party  consisted  of  his 
staff,  the  marine  orderlies,  personal  attendants  and  the  band. 

As  the  Motor  Sailor  shoved  off  with  a  draft  for  the  hom-e 
trip,  three  hearty  cheers  were  given  for  the  Pitts-burg  that  we 
were  leaving  with  reg'ret.  While  all  hands  Avere  ascending  the 
gangway  of  the  Orion  a  woman  fell  overboard  from  the  ferry- 
boat Guanabara.  She  would  have  drowned  had  it  not  been  for 
the  Motor  Sailor  that  rushed,  at  amazing1  swiftness,  to  the  rescue. 
We  were  pleased  that  our  fellows  performed 'this  act  of  mercy,  as 
it  was  a  fitting  climax  to  the  sojourn  in  Guanabara  Bay. 

Work  of  topping  up  twenty -four  huge  coaling  booms:  and 
lowering  away  the  same  number  of  enormously  large  steel  hatches 
was  most  effectively  and  easily  done  by  means  of  a  trolley.  This 
trolley  traverses  an  aerial  track  that  extends  longitudinally  fifty 
feet  high  above  the  deck.  An  air  of  sadness  prevailed  when  the 
body  of  Earl  Hastings  Crawford,  from  the  supply  ship  Glacier, 
was  brought  on  deck  and  securely  lashed  to  the  top  side.  During 
the  homeward  journey  an  armed  sailor  kept  solitary  vigil  over 
the  casket  that  was  en  route  to  Houston,  Texas. 

At  4  p.  m.,  September  24th,  the  Orion  began  its  sixteen-day, 
4,919  mile  journey  from  Rio  to  Hampton  Roads,  Virginia,  and  all 
hands  were  jubilant.  Just  as  we  passed  the  fortress  of  Santa 
Cruz  the  most  marvelous  scene  of  the  -entire  six  months'  trip,  ii' 
not  the  greatest  vision  ever  beheld  by  any  person  of  the  ship's 
company,  suddenly  burst  upon  our  vision.  The  mountain  tops 
were  clearly  defined  above  billowy  clouds  of  many  hues,  when 
the  hidden  sun  shot  out  a  thousand  rays  of  rapidly  changing  colors. 

These  rays  were  in  fan-shaped  design  and  they  enveloped  the 
entire  city  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  This  was  the  Queen  City  of  the 
Southern  seas'  farewell  to  us  and  every  man  was  spellbound  by 
it.  Upon  inspection  of  the  ship  it  was  noticed  that  huge  masses 
of  coal  dust  that  was  se-en  throughout  the  entire  vessel,  were 
rapidly  giving1  way  before  an  army  of  cleaners.  Then  followed  the 
painters,  who  did  their  work  so  thoroughly  that  one  of  the  dirti- 
est possible  of  ships  was  soon  transformed  to  one  that  wras  new^ly 
painted  throughout,  and  all  of  this  while  the  vessel  was  in  motion. 

En  route  home  the  Orion  ran  into  Bahia,  took  on  a  home- 
going  draft  from  the  Frederick,  and  proceeded  on  her  way.  Great 
disappointment  was  again  caused  when  the  men  learned  that  they 
were  to  once  more  cross  the  -equator  far  out  at  sea,  and  not  near 


Homeward  Bound  49 

the  mouth  of  the  Amazon  River.  The  last  naval  service  that  I  per- 
formed for  the  Government  was  to  stand  guard  over  the  body  of 
Shipmate  Crawford,  and  the  sacred  duty  ended  just  as  we  crossed 
the  equator  at  9  :32  p.  m.  While  thus  employed  I  took  a  farewell 
view  of  the  Southern  Cross. 

During  the  long  journey,  especially  at  night.  I  reclined  in 
my  hammock  and  took  an  interesting  survey  of  nature  through  a 
porthole.  Was  amazed  at  the  kaleidoscopic  panorama  that  the 
starlight  sky,  the  clouds,  the  sea  and  an  occasional  glimpse  of 
land  presented.  The  fantastic  shapes  of  cumulus  clouds;  the 
silvery  moonlight  that  shone  through  fleecy  clouds,  or  scintillated 
wond-erful  beams  o'er  the  dancing  waves;  an  occasional  fish  trail- 
ing a  streak  of  phosphorescent  fire  and  the  ceaseless  motion  of 
the  sea;  I  say  that  these  things  insterested  me.  My  mind  then 
went  back  to  the  solemn  watches  of  the  night  during  which  time 
the  most  of  this  story  was  written.  To  explain,  I  will  say  that 
between  the  soundings  that  I  took  on  the  berth  deck,  during  the 
hours  from  12  o'clock  midnight  and  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the 
story  was  penned. 

Shortly  after  crossing  the  equator  we  left  behind  balmy 
tropical  air  and  clear  skys  for  the  more  hazy  atmosphere  of  the 
north.  Was  surprised  thereafter  that,  for  the  balance  of  the 
journey,  the  hottest  weather  of  the  six  months'  cruise  prevailed. 
I  took  special  pains  to  observe  the  wonderful  sunsets  that  reached 
their  climax  as  we  were  crossing  the  Tropic  of  Cancer.  Were  I 
endowed  with  the  imaginative  genius  of  a  Dante,  and  could  I 
also  wield  the  brush  of  an  Angelo  or  the  pen  of  a  Dumas ;  I  isay, 
that  I  would  be  but  poorly  equipped  to  convey  an  adequate  idea 
o,f  the  glorious  sunset  of  October  6th.  Suddenly  the  ship  ap- 
peared to  be  surrounded  by  a  palisade  of  perpendicular  clouds 
that  appeared  to  rise  directly  from  the  placid  waters  of  an  azure 
sea.  These  clouds  were  of  the  most  beautiful  species,  ranging  all 
the  way  from  heavy  cumulus  down  to  those  of  the  stirrus  and 
straitus  varieties.  The  effect  was  as  though  we  were  surrounded 
by  a  range  of  pinnacles,  forests  and  cities.  The  sky  directly  over- 
head was  clear,  except  for  a  few  clusters  of  nimbus  clouds.  As  the 
enormous  sun  sank  below  the  horizon  there  were  rapidly  changing 
color  effects,  one  color  dissolving  into  another.  Every  conceiv- 
able color  and  tint  was  discernible  in  all  of  the  clouds,  and  es- 
pecially upon  those  overhead.  These  colors  changed  with  the 
rapidity  of  lightning,  and  they  lingered  far  into  the  night.  The 
azure  sea  gave  place  to  one  that  was  carpeted  with  the  most  deli- 
cate scintillating  tints.  While  wonder  held  the  crowd,  I  solilo- 
quized as  to  whether  any  of  the  lads  then  caug'ht  a  vision  of 
Heaven  through  the  medium  of  the  clouds.  Surely  nature  is  seen 
at  its  very  best  within  the  wonderful  realm  of  cloudland. 

Divine  Services  on  the  Collier  Orion. 

On  Sunday  morning,  October  7th,  the  writer  was  surprised 
when  a  delegation  from  the  after  end  of  the  ship  came  to  our 


50  Fight  W^ith  a  German  Submarine 

quarters  and  requested  that  I  should  "lay  aft  and  read  a  prayer, 
a  passage  from  the  Bible  or  give  the  boys  a  little  good  dope." 
When  I  demurred  the  shipmates  seemed  disappointed,  so  I  re- 
quested time  to  get  into  dress  'uniform  and  shave,  which  was 
granted.  In  less  than  five  minutes  thereafter  the  cross  went  up 
above  the  colors  and  a  bugler  sounded  the  church  call.  This 
was  immediately  followed  by  pipes  of  the  bosuns  and  their  man- 
date as  follows:  "Silence  throughout  the  ship,  smoking  and  card 
playing'  must  cease  until  after  church."  I  was  astonished  to  see 
assembled  the  largest  gathering  that  I  had  noticed  at  divine 
service  during;  the  cruise.  There  were  three  reasons  for  this, 
namely :  there  is  no  chaplain  on  the  collier ;  second,  the  boys  de- 
sired relief  from  the  tedious  monotony  of  the  long  cruise;  and 
last,  but  by  no  means  least,  the  lads  wanted  to  look  at  the  guy 
who  would  be  nervy  enough  to  tackle  this  job.  Well,  for  the 
hour  tkat  followed  the  best  possible  attention  was  given.  I  was 
gratified  when  most  of  the  fellows  then  filed  past  and  took  my 
hand  in  friendly  grasp.  A  little  later  two  of  the  colliers  crew  re- 
quested that,  when  reaching  Norfolk,  I  should  "ship  over"  and 
stay  on  the  Orion.  Sailor  lads  have  their  faults,  but  they  are  not 
so  inbred  or  persistent  as  are  those  of  the  average  man.  The  per- 
son who  takes  sincere  interest  in  sailors  will  find  ready  response. 
I  found  it  so  aboard  of  the  Pittsburg.  Several  men  on  that  ship 
concerned  themselves,  along  moral  lines,  with  the  crew.  It  was 
not  long  until  this  influence  was  decidedly  prolific  of  good  re- 
sults. It  became  so  that  scoffing  ceased  to  be  heeded  and  that 
the  scoffers  themselves  turned  to  in  the  good  work.  As  a  result 
the  Pittsburg  now  has  a  fine  society  for  moral  suasion  and  it  is 
made  up  of  the  younger  set. 

Fight  With  a  German  Submarine. 

Yours  truly  had  the  honor  to  be  then  on  a  ship  that  r>ut  a 
German  "U"  boat  to  flight.  This  happened  at  4  o'clock  a.  m., 
on  July  4th,  while  the  Pacific  fleet  was  having1  a  gala  time  at  Rio 
de  Janeiro.  I  say  that,  at  this  time,  a  large  German  submarine 
attacked  Ponto  Delg'ada,  on  the  Portuguese  island  of  St.  Micha-els, 
in  the  Azore  group.  The  enemy  fired  twenty-five  shots.  The 
Orion  gave  chase  and  sent  thirteen  shells  whizzing  after  the  in- 
truder. However,  this  "IT"  boat  was  beyond  range  of  the  Orion's 
guns  and  it  didn't  seek  closer  acquaintance.  The  submarine's 
commander  must  have  "pawned  the  air"  when  he  learned,  as  he 
probably  did,  that  he  mistook  the  enormous  hull  of  the  collier  for 
that  of  a  mighty  battleship  and  thus  allowed  a  rich  Yankee  prize 
to  escape.  The  Orion  is  commanded  by  Captain  J.  II.  Boesch 
who  directed  the  chase,  after  Seaman  0.  W.  Newton  had  sighted 
the  enemy.  It  requires  no  little  courage  to  send  a  ponderous, 
heavily  loaded  collier  that  is1  armed  only  with  popguns  in  pursuit 
of  a  very  swift  and  heavily  armed  battle  craft.  Certainly  the 


52  Fight  With  a  German  Submarine 

darkness    camouflaged   the    Orion    into   a    super-dreadnaught    and 
scared  the  Bosches  stiff. 

Some  of  our  sailors  who  arrived  at  Norfolk.  Virginia,  from 
Europe  during  October  touched  at  Ponto  Delgada,  and  they  de- 
clare that  the  popular  name  for  new  streets,  buildings,  hotels, 
theatres,  goods,  etc.,  throughout  the  Azores  is  now  Orion. 

Literal  translation  of  a  letter  that  was  received  from  the 
Legislature  of  the  District  of  Ponto  Delgada : 

Service  of  the  Republic. 
To  the  Excellent 

Consul-Gen eral    of   the   United    States, 
for  tbe  Azores, 

Ponto  Delgada. 

The  unfortunate  occurrence  of  being  bombarded  by  a  German 
submarine,  having  taken  place  upon  this  city  and  several  neigh- 
boring1 townships,  at  daybreak  today,  and  being  certain  that  the 
disaster  and  damage  caused  would  have  been  by  far  worse,  had 
not  the  vessel  of  the  g'reat  American  Nation,  the  "Collier  Orion" 
armed  for  war,  'been  at  our  port,  who's  brave  crew,  under  direc- 
tion of  their  honored  commander,  responded  so  valiantly  and  en- 
ergetically to  the  fire  of  the  said  war-vessel,  stopping  its  fire 
and  driving  it  from  our  coasts,  thus  preventing  greater  disaster 
to  the  population  of  this  town  and  island. 

"The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Legislature  of  this  district, 
over  which  I  have  the  honor  to  preside,  as  representative  of  the 
interests  in  general  of  said  district,  resolved  to  transmit,  in  its 
session  of  today,  its  expression  of  highest  praise  and  deeply  felt 
thanks  to  the  commander  and  his  brave  crew,  which  I  beg  Your 
Excellency  to  transmit  to  them."1 

I  am  also  charged  by  the  same  committee  to  express  the  sin- 
cere thanks  for  the  services  and  help  afforded  to  the  population, 
to  your  Government;  at  the  same  time  profiting1  by  the  occasion 
to  express  to  Your  Excellency  recognition  for  your  consideration 
the  most  humble  respect  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  rep- 
resentative in  the  District  for  the  Grande  Republic. 

Health   and   Fraternity. 
Bureau  of  the  Legislature  of  the  District  of  Ponto  Delgada,  July 

4th,  1917. 

The  President  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

(Signed)     PEDRO    CORREA   MACHADO. 


Our  Native  Land  53 

Those  of  us  who  were  returning  home  were  much  disappointed, 
when  the  morning  of  October  10th  proved  to  be  the  only  blustery 
and  very  foggy  morning1  that  they  encountered  during  the  six 
months'  cruise.  I 

Yes,  the  weather  was  disappointing,  because  we  wTere  nearing 
"home,  sweet  home/'  However,  all  hands  were  jubilant  despite 
the  weather.  In  this  mood  we  passed  between  Capes  Charles  and 
Henry,  entered  Hampton  Roads  and  continued  on.  There  is  a  no 
more  interesting  spot,  from  an  historical  standpoint  for  Ameri- 
can citizens,  than  this  same  Hampton  Roads.  For  was  not  the 
first  white  and  also  Negro  settlements  made  on  its  banks,  at 
Jamestown?  Wasn't  the  greatest  naval  battles  of  both  the 
Revolutionary  War  and  also  of  the  Rebellion  fought  in  this  wa- 
terway? Finally,  were  not  the  final  battles  of  both  these  titanic 
struggles  fought  on  land  nearby?  During  the  War  of  the  Re- 
bellion Virginia  lost  far  more  men  than  any  other  state  of  the 
Union,  every  inch  of  her  soil  was  repeatedly  fought  over  and  the 
property  loss  exceeded  $300,000,000. 

After  considerable  delay  the  Orion  proceeded  to  the  Navy 
Yard  at  Portsmouth.  En  route  the  ship  passed  Jamestown,  New- 
port News  (off  which  point  the  Merrimac  was  defeated  by  the 
.Monitor),  the  entrance  to  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  the  York  River; 
the  fortified  island  that  was  hastily  first  made  by  sinking  bales 
of  cotton,  Fortress  Monroe,  Norfolk,  etc,  to  destination. 

The  party  to  which  I  belonged  went  directly  to  the  Naval 
Hospital.  This  fine  institution  was  erected  in  1828,  and  it  has 
pro'bably  relieved  more  people  from  distress  than  any  of  the  many 
Government  asylums.  Oh,  what  a  tale  could  be  told  relative  to 
the  thousands  of  afflicted  soldiers  and  sailors  who  have,  at  no 
time,  been  denied  the  very  best  care  that  a  grateful  and  generous 
Government  could  bestow. 

From  Portsmouth  a  side  trip  was  made  to  the  Yorktown  battle- 
field, where  Lord  Cornwallis  surrendered  to  Washington,  and  thus 
brought  to  a  close  the  <rreat  Revolutionary  War.  The  old  style 
houses  that  were  erected  during  those  early  days  were  decidedly 
interesting  sights  to  our  company.  We  also  inspected  the  cave 
that  was  the  field  headquarters  of  the  haughty  English  general.  A 
small  slab  marks  the  spot  where  Washington  received  the  sword 
of  Cornwallis  and  a  handsome  monument  designates  the  battle- 
field. 

The  Tomb  of  Washington. 

It  isi  fitting  that  the  final  lines  of  this  story  should  be  in- 
scribed before  the  resting  place  of  the  immortal  Washington.  We 
are  told  that  "he  was  first  in  war,  first  in  peace  and  first  in  the 
hearts  of  his  countrymen,"  but  he  was  more  than  that,  as  he  was 
also  first  in  the  principle  that  "government  derives  its  just  pow- 
ers from  the  consent  of  the  governed."  This  proposition  led  out  to 
its  full  fruition,  means  the  Universal  Brotherhood  of  Mankind. 


54  The  Present  Situation 

Pan-America  Solid  in  Pro-Ally  Spirit. 

(Courtesy  of  the  New  York  World.) 

Pan-American  opposition  to  Germany  is  again  emphasized  by 
severence  of  relations  between  Uruguay  and  the  Kaiser's  empire. 
Fourteen  nations  have  broken  with  Germany  since  a  state  of  war 
was  declared  by  the  United  States  in  April,  and  the  Americas  have 
furnished  ten  of  the  new  ones  Avhose  hostility  has  been  definitely 
announced. 

This  aliginment  has  seriously  crippled  the  activities  of  German 
agents  who  sought  to  make  the  Americas  bases  for  propaganda  and 
intrigue.  The  list  of  the  ^American  continents  will  probably  soon 
be  increased  by  the  addition  of  Argentina,  and  possibly  by  that  of 
other  nations. 

South  American  countries  that  have  broken  off  with  Germany 
are  Brazil,  Peru,  Bolivia  and  Uruguay.  Central  America  is  in  the 
same  line  with  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica  and  Honduras.  Cuba  and 
Panama  ceased  relations  April  7,  two  days  after  the  action  of  the 
United  States,  and  Hayti  acted  in  June. 

Anti-German  Sentiment  Grows. 

Colombia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador,  Chili,  Argentina.  Paraguay, 
Salvador  and  Mexico  yet  remain  neutral.  Argentina's  Legisla- 
ture has  voted  for  a  break.  Count  von  Luxburg,  the  German 
Minister  who  was  recently  dismissed,  is  detained  under  military 
guard. 

Sentiment  in  Chili  is  in  the  same  direction.  In  all  of  the 
countries  that  have  acted  embargoes  have  become  effective 
against  shipments  that  might  directly  or  indirectly  benefit  Ger- 
many and  German  ships  in  their  ports  have  been  seized. 

As  early  as  February,  the  day  the  German  note  regarding 
submarine  warfare  was  received,  President  Menocal  of  Cuba 
called  the  Cuban  Legislative  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  to- 
gether, and  the  same  afternoon  the  Government  forwarded  a  pro- 
test to  Germany.  In  March,  Dr.  Pablo  Desvernine.  Cuban  Secre- 
tary of  State,  assured  The  World  correspondent  in  Havana  that 
Cuba  wo'uld  take  vigorous  measures  to  put  down  attempts  at  Ger- 
man intrigue  in  Cuba. 

This  attitude  prepared  the  way  for  severance  of  relations.  On 
April  6,  immediately  on  receipt  of  the  news  that  the  United 
States  had  declared  a  state  of  war,  President  Menocal  sent  a 
message  to  his  Congress  advising  that  the  Washington  example 
be  followed  promptly,  and  Congress  acted.  Three  German  ships 
in  Havana  harbor  were  seized,  and  the  Government  put  itself 
at  once  on  a  war  footing. 

An  appropriation  of  .$30,000,000  was  made  for  this  purpose, 
the  coast  was  put  under  effective  patrol,  an  aviation  unit  was  or- 
ganized and  American  troops  were  borrowed  to  guard  against 
surprise  or  mischief  to  the  island's  sugar  crop,  the  largest  ever 
grown  there.  The  Government  offered  to  furnish  a  mobilization 


The  Present  Situation  55 

and  training1  ground  lor  American  troops.  Washington  accepted 
the  offer.  A  council  of  national  defense  was  appointed,  with 
authority  to  enlist  and  drill  native  forces.  The  seized  German 
ships  were  turned  over  to  the  United  States. 

These  activities  resulted  in  immediate  cessation  of  revolu- 
tionary tendencies  on  the  island,  all  interests  loyally  subscribing 
to  the  patriotic  impulse  that  had  actuated  the  Government.  There 
had  been  many  German  plotters  in  Cuba.  The  Government 
rounded  them  up  and  has  since  kept  them  in  subjection. 

Indorse  Wilson's  Note. 

On  February  8th  the  Foreign  Office  in  Panama  replied  to 
President  Wilson's  note  suggesting  that  all  neutrals  sever  diplo- 
matic relations  with  Germany,  with  a  message  of  approval  and 
mdorsement.  On  April  7th,  President  Ramon  Valdez  signed  a 
proclamation  committing  Panama  unreservedly  to  the  assistance 
of  the  United  States  in  the  protection  of  the  canal.  He  said  it 
was  the  patriotic  duty  of  all  citizens  to  facilitate  military  oper- 
ations of  the  United  States  within  Panama  boundaries.  President 
Valdez  on  the  same  day  sent  a  message  to  President  Wilson  in- 
dorsing the  American  action  toward  Germany,  and  it  was  offi- 
cially announced  that  Germans  resident  in  Panama  would  be  in- 
terned if  they  gave  any  sign  of  being  involved  in  enemy  plots. 

Brazil  broke  o,ff  relations  and  handed  the  German  Minister 
his  passports  April  10th.  Several  weeks  elapsed  before  a  law 
was  passed  definitely  revoking  the  Government's  neutrality.  That 
action  was  tantamount  to  a  declaration  of  war  against  Germany. 
The  Parana  and  Tijuca,  two  Brazilian  ships,  had  been  sunk  by 
German  submarines,  and  popular  and  official  feeling  was  roused. 

Germany's  trade  course  in  Brazil  had  previously  caused  much 
resentment,  and  people  and  Government  saw  opportunity  to  even 
scores  on  that  account  as  well.  Forty-five  German  ships  were 
seized,  among  them  the  Hamburg-American  liner  Blucher  of 
12,350  tons,  and  their  crews  were  interned.  Official  decree  ad- 
mitted war  and  other  ships  of  the  Allied  nations  free  access  to 
Brazilian  ports,  and  it  was  announced  that  the  Brazilian  Navy 
would  take  over  part  of  the  work  of  patrolling  the  South  Ameri- 
can coast,  where  German  raiders  had  been  active. 

Hayti  Declares  War. 

May  4th  President  d'Artiguenave  sent  a  message  to  the 
Haytiaii  Congress  demanding  a  declaration  of  war  against  Ger- 
many 011  the  ground  that  five  Haytians  were  members  of  the 
crew  and  three  others  were  passengers  of  the  torpedoed  French 
steamship  Montreal,  which  was  plying  between  Bordeaux  and 
Hayti.  Berlin  had  already  handed  passports  to  the  Haytian 
Charge  for  his  protests  against  this  violation  of  The  Hague  con- 
vention, and  Hayti  had  rejoined  by  dismissing  the  German  Charge 
at  Port-au-Prince.  The  Congress  passed  resolutions  of  sever- 
ance, but  not  of  war. 


56  The  Present  Situation 

Jii  September  the  Haytian  Council  of  State  declared  a  state 
of  war.  German  interests  in  the  island  had  been  estimated  at 
$20,000/000.  They  have  since  been  valueless.  Previous  to  the 
declaration  of  a  .state  of  war  German  agents  were  suspected  of 
fomenting-  the  rebellions  which  had  disarranged  the  insular 
finances  and  had  rendered  all  Government  unstable.  There  has 
been  American  military  protection  since  September  and  no  recur- 
rence of  political  or  other  troubles. 

The  Bolivian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  was  authorized  last 
February  to  support  the  attitude  of  the  United  States  in  the  crisis 
with  Germany.  Notes  to  that  effect  were  sent  to  Washington  and 
to  Berlin.  Following1  the  Washington  break  in  April,  his  pass- 
ports were  handed  to  the  German  Minister  in  La  Paz  with  a 
note  recalling  that  the  Bolivian  Minister  to  Berlin  was  a  passen- 
ger on  the  Holland-Lloyd  liner  Tubantia  when  that  vessel  was 
sunk  by  a  submarine  in  neutral  waters  last  year,  and  declaring 
that  relations  with  Germany  had  become  unsupportable  under  the 
aggravating  circumstances. 

Peru  Breaks  Relations. 

In  February  the  Peruvian  press  demanded  that  Peru  join 
with  the  United  States  in  condemning  the  ruthless  submarine 
warfare  by  Germany.  A  Peruvian  ship,  the  Lorton,  had  recently 
been  sunk  in  Spanish  territorial  waters.  Germany  promised  to 
pay  damages  if  neutrality  was  violated,  but  nothing  further 
came  of  the  protest  except  an  offer  to  submit  the  case  to  a  prize 
court.  German  plots  seem  to  have  been  active  in  Peru,  and  in 
April  two  Peruvian  submarine  commanders  were  arrested  and 
imprisoned  on  charges  of  having  conspired  to  turn  Peruvian  un- 
dersea boats  over  to  Germans,  to  prey  upon  American  and 
Allied  shipping. 

In  August  Peru  sent  an  ultimatum  to  Germany  concerning1 
the  Lorton  sinking,  and  at  the  same  time  the  Peruvian  Congress 
approved  the  recommendation  of  President  Pardo  that  Peruvian 
ports  be  opened  to  ships  of  the  United  States.  Five  German 
steamships  and  three  sailing  vessels  at  Callao  Were  taken  over  in 
September.  Parts  of  the  machinery  were  missing.  Answer  to 
the  Lorton  ultimatum  was  demanded  within  eight  days  from  Sep- 
tember 26th,  and  as  none  came  a  state  of  war  has  virtually  existed 
since  that  time. 

Uruguay  rejected  the  principle  of  submarine  war  in  a  note 
to  Germany  last  February,  and  a  concurrent  note  to  the  United 
States  notified  this  Government  of  Uruguay's  adherence  to  the 
principle  of  defense  of  the  rights  and  interests  of  neutrals.  In 
June  the  Uruguayan  Senate  decided  that  American  warships  vis- 
iting there  would  be  treated  as  non-belligerents  and  would  be 
given  all  peace  privileges. 

Appeal  to  Latin  America. 

In  August  the    Government     issued    an     appeal   to   all  Latin 


The  Present  Situation  57 

America  to  stand  by  the  United  States  against  Germany.  In  Sep- 
tember, on  rumors  of  plans  to  sink  the  eight  German  ships  in  the 
harbor  of  Montevideo,  th-e  Government  seized  the  ships  and  in- 
terned the  crews.  That  act  strained  relations,  already  tense,  and 
led  to  the  final  break. 

Guatemala  handed  passports  in  April  to  Dr.  Lehmami,  th-e 
German  Minister,  who  had  been  suspected  of  trying  to  foment 
revolutions  in  Central  America  with  a  view  to  diverting  the  at- 
tention of  th-e  United  States  from  German  performances  by  keep- 
ing it  busy  near  home.  President  Cabrera  informed  Washington 
that  his  Government  had  broken  off  with  Germany  because  of  its 
desire  to  stand  with  the  United  Stat-es  in  its  contest  for  the  su- 
premacy of  democracy  and  the  preservation  of  international  law. 

Nicaragua  severed  diplomatic  relations  with  Germany  in  May, 
offering  at  the  time  the  use  of  its  territorial  waters  to  the  United 
States. 

Costa  Rica  offered  the  hospitality  of  its  ports  to  American 
warships  in  April,  soon  after  Washington  declared  a  state  of 
war.  It  then  appeared  that  German  agents  had  tried  to  finance 
a  revolt  in  Costa  Rica,  with  the  view  of  planting  submarine  bases 
off  that  coast.  A  pro-German  newspap-er  was  seized  in  San  Jose 
in  July. 

In  September  all  German  residents  of  Costa  Rican  ports  were 
interned  for  abetting  conspiracy  against  the  Government,  and 
September  21st  the  Government  formally  severed  relations  with 
Germany  and  the  German  diplomatic  and  consular  representatives 
received  their  passports.  Honduras  broke  officially  with  Ger- 
many May  18th,  declaring  that  all  the  American  nations  must 
sin ud  tog-ether  for  democracy  in  the  present  crisis. 

Faces  a  Hostile  World. 

Germany's    Enemies    Number   Three- Fourths    of    All    Nations   —    Few    Neutral 

Nations    Now — Besides    tire    Eighten     Countries     Openly     at     War 

With  Central   Powers  Ten   Have   Broken   Relations. 

More  than  three-fourths  of  the  world's  population  lives  in 
the  eighteen  countries  at  war  with  Germany,  or  her  Allies,  accord- 
ing to  compilations  from  Government  sourc-es. 

The  persons  living  within  the  central  countries  are  outnum- 
bered more  than  seven  times  by  anti-Germanic  populations,  and 
the  proportion  is  swelled  even  hi  "her  if  consideration  is  taken  01 
the  populations  of  the  ten  countries  which  have  broken  relations 
with  the  Central  Powers.  Germany's  enemies  nowi  include  nearly 
all  the  white  and  yellow  races,  and  thp  physical  resources  of  about 
half  the  world's  area  are  mobilized  auainst  the  forces  of  Germany, 
Aiistro-IIungary.  Bulgaria  and  Turkey. 

For  these  reasons,  observers  here  are  watching  intently  the 
play  of  influences  within  the  few  remaining1  neutrals,  including: 
Spain,  Netherlands,  Sweden,  Norway,  Denmark,  Switzerland  and 
in  America,  Venezuela,  Paraguay,  Colombia,  Ecuador.  Salvador 
and  Mexico. 


NEARLY  ALL  AMERICAS  ARE 
ANTI-GERMAN,  MAP  SHOWS. 


-KEY  TO  MAP- 

DIPLOMATIC 

R£LAl!OH55tVEREQ 

-  Shaded - 


Since    This    Map    Was    Made    Guatemala   and    Brazil    Declared    War    Against 
Gcimany  and  Argentina  Dismissed  the  German  Minister. 


The  Present  Situation,  59 

Ten  Have  Broken  Relations!. 

Similarly,  unusual  interest  is  felt  here  in  the  future  course  of 
the  nations  which  have  broken  relations  with  Germany  or  her 
Allies.  These  are  Brazil,  Bolivia,  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Hayti, 
Honduras,  Nicaragua.  Peru,  Uruguay,  San  Domingo  and  Argentina. 

It  is  pointed  out  here  that,  of  the  world's  total  population  of 
1,691,000,000,  about  1,342,000,000  live  under  flag's  of  the  Central 
Powers'  open  enemies  in  the  war.  About  40,000,000  inhabit  the 
countries  which  have  broken  relations  and  132,000.000  are  neu- 
tral, while  the  population  of  Germany  and  her  Allies  is  about 
177,000,000. 

Of  the  world's  total  area  of  57,000.000  square  miles,  27,000,000 
are  under  anti-German  domination,  while  the  Germanic  Allies 
control  only  5,000,000. 

State  Department  records  show  the  following  nations  at  war 
with  Germany  or  her  Allies :  United  States,  Great  Britain, 
France,  Russia,  Serbia,  Japan,  Belgium,  Italy,  Portugal,  Roumania, 
Greece,  Montenegro.  San  Marino,  China,  Cuba,  Panama,  Siam  and 
Liberia. 

How  Declarations  Were  Made. 

The  alignment  of  these  nations  is  shown  by  these  .formal  dec- 
larations of  war  made  since  Austria  precipitated  the  world's 
strife  on  July  28th,  1914.  by  declaring  war  on  Serbia.  Tnese  dec- 
larations are  as  follows: 

Austria  against  Belgium,  Montenegro,  Russia  and  Serbia; 
Bulgaria  against  Serbia ;  China  against  Austria  and  Germany ; 
Cuba  against  Germany;  France  against  Austria,  Bulgaria  and 
Germany;  Germany  against  France,  Portugal  and  Russia;  Great 
Britain  against  Bulgaria,  Austria,  Germany  and  Turkey;  Greece 
against  Germany;  Italy  against  Austria,  Bulgaria  and  Germany; 
Japan  against  Germany;  Liberia  against  Germany:  Montenegro 
against  Austria;  Panama  against  Germany;  Roumania  against 
Austria;  Serbia  against  Turkey;  Siam  against  Austria  and  Ger- 
many; Turkey  against  all  the  Entente  nations  November  23rd, 
inU,  and  later  against  Roumania;  United  States  against  Ger- 
many. 


60  Facts  and  Fancies 

SUPPLEMENTARY  CHAPTER 
The  Officers  and  Men  Who  Made  History. 

Every  enterprise  owes  its  success  or  failure  primarily  to  the 
personnel  of  those  who  direct  its  affairs.  In  this  respect  the  Pa- 
cific fleet  of  the  United  States  Navy  has  reason  to  be  prond.  Ad- 
miral Caperton  is  an  accomplished  gentleman,  of  pleasing  person- 
ality and  a  diplomat  who  certainly  does  know  what  should  be 
done,  how  to  do  it  and  when.  Under  his  direction  a  good  impres- 
sion was  made  in  every  country  that  was  visited,  not  alone  by  the 
officers  but  also  by  the  men.  Am  certain  that  the  conduct  of  all 
American  sailors  while  ashore  was  a  source  of  pleasure  to  the  good 
people  who  everywhere  hailed  us  with  delight. 

The  most  difficult  task  among  the  officers  was  undoubtedly 
that  of  the  admiral,  whose  duty  it  was  to  win  respect  abroad, 
esteem  o,f  an  exacting  public  at  home  and  also*  the  approval  of  his 
Government.  That  he  is  entitled  to  all  of  this1  is  the  consensus  of 
opinion  throughout  the  squadron. 

The  commanders  of  each  ship  merited  the  confidence  that  was 
reposed  in  them  by  their  superiors  and  also  by  the  men.  If  there 
was  inefficiency  anywhere  among'  the  officers,  it  did  not  manifest 
itself.  The  commanding  officers  referred  to  were :  E.  G.  Brad- 
•shaw  antl  Zeno  E.  Brings,  of  the  flagship  Pittsburg';  W.  C.  Cole, 
G.  W.  Williams  and  L.  A.  Bostwick,  of  the  cruisers  Frederick, 
Pueblo  and  South  Dakota  respectively.  The  Marine  Corps  under 
Major  R.  M.  Cutts  and  Captains  G.  A.  Johnson  and  N.  C.  Pierce 
never  failed  to  make  a  good  showing.  Thanks  to  the  wise  direction 
of  Medical  Inspector  E.  S.  Bogert  and  to  the  untiring  energies  of 
Surgeons  Karl  Ohnesorg  and  II.  McDonald,  a  giood  state  of  health 
prevailed.  The  construction  and  repair  forces  were  equal  to  tbeir 
difficult  tasks,  under  the  guidance  of  First  Lieutenant  G.  W. 
Wright,  the  carpenter.  H.  M.  Davis  and  his  chief  officer.  A.  F. 
Sloan.  Fleet  Chaplain  L.  N.  Taylor  was  precisely  the  man  for  the 
place  and  he  never  failed  to  cheer  up  and  comfort  those  who  needed 
encouragement.  Oh,  by  the  way!  the  flagship  band  must  by  no 
means  be  overlooked.  There  are  several  first  class  m'usical  direc- 
tors in  this  aggregation,  which  is  second  to  no  band  that  is  afloat. 

There  is  no  official  position  on  a  man  of  war  that  is  a  bed  of 
roses,  and  the  necessary  discipline  embraces  every  person  from  the 
admiral  down.  Furthermore,  officers  are  not  exempt  from  an 
equal  share  with  the  men  of  the  tedious  long  watches  of  the  night. 
In  fact,  the  officers  are  more  intensely  vigilant  than  the  men,  for 
they  realize  that  the  safety  of  the  ship  and  its  human  cargo  is  large- 
ly in  their  own  keeping.  It  is  certain  that  many  sleepless  hours  are 
passed  by  these  same  officers  in  planningi  ways  and  means — I  say 
ways  and  means,  not  only  for  the  comfort  of  the  men,  but  that  they 
may  the  better  secure  their  respect  and  also  the  approbation  of  the 
higher  powers. 


Facts  and  Fancies  61 

A  Tribute  to  the  American  Bluejacket. 

Xo  class  of  men  form  such  strong1  and  enduring  friendships  as 
do  the  naval  forces  of  the  sea.  Sailors  stand  together  through  thick 
and  thin,  drink  from  the  same  cup,  puff  away  calmh^  at  the  same 
cigarette  and  share  their  lust  dollar.  There  is  no  kindly  act  that  is 
too  hard  to  be  rendered  by  one  shipmate  for  another.  He  doesn't 
back-bite.  No !  not  on  your  life !  but  goes  at  it  raw,  face  to  face. 
Despite  a  few  faults  Jack  is  usually  honest,  and  he  will  defend  a, 
g%ood  woman  quicker  than  any  other  man  on  earth. 

Beyond  question  Uncle  Sam's  enlisted  men  do  average  up  bet- 
ter than  any  equal  number  of  persons  picked  up  en  masse  from  any 
walk  in  civil  life,  the  church  not  excepted.  For  example,  one  must 
be  a  citizen,  not  necessarily  a  voter,  to  become  ai  man-o '-war's  man. 
You  will  not  find  in  the  navy  any  man,  .inclusive  of  Asiatics,  who 
did  not  take  'sufficient  interest  in  the  country  to  learn  its.  language; 
nor  any  whose  chief  concern  is  to  amass  money  for  expenditure  in 
a  foreign  land;  neither  those  who  refuse  to  become  citizens  and 
thru  sneak  around  denouncing  the  country  that  shelters  them. 
Again  there  are  no  "I  won't  work"  freaks,  anarchists  or  blather- 
skites in  Uncle  Sam's  Navy. 

What  the  American  Navy  needs  badly  is>  for  the  Government 
and  also  its  citizens  to  lake  a  more  vital  interest  in  the  sailors  (not 
only  during'  war  thin-,  but  all  of  the  time).  Do  this  so  as  to  dis- 
abuse many  of  the  lads'  minds  from  the  sordid  idea  that  this  inter- 
est is  mercenary.  Surround  the  enlisted  men  with  at  least  so  many 
g-ood  influences  as  they  an-  now  assailed  by  those  that  are  bad  and 
the  morale  of  the  navy  will  become  vastly  better.  When  sailor  lads 
go  ashore,  weary  from  a  prolonged  cruise,  the  very  gates  of  Hell  in 
every  port  are  thrown  wide  open  and  the  forces  there  just  shout  for 
the  boys.  Surely  it  is  the  manifest  duty  of  every  good  citizen  to 
''stand  by'y  then.  Just  cut  out  the  I  bought  that  sailors  will  be  sail- 
ors and  conceive  of  the  fact  that  sailors  can  be  men. 

Coming  riulit  down  to  hard  facts,  the  seasoned  naval  man  is 
efficient,  energetic,  discreet,  conrleous,  obedient  and  honest;  in  fact, 
he  is  the  peer1  of  any  man. 

The  Author's  Opinion  of  the  United  States  Navy. 

During1  my  six  months'  experience  as  an  enlisted  man  aboard 
a  man-o  '-war,  I  learned  the  following  facts: 

That  the  navy  is  the  best  kind  of  a  place  for  a  man  who  will, 
do  the  right  thinir: 

That  payment  for  service,  not  at  all  arduous,  is  excellent,  all 
Ihinus  considered;  c-pei-ially  because  promotions  are  rapidly  made; 

That  the  opportunity  to  acquire  proficiency,  particularly  in 
the  mechanical  arts,  cannot  be  equaled  elsewhere; 

That  the  food,  clothing  and  comforts  furnished  are  much  bet- 
ter than  the  average  men  on  shore  receive; 

That  the  chance  to  see  many  wonderful  sights  throughout  the 


62  Facts  and  Fancies 

world  is  par-excellent.  Through  this  medium  sailor  lads  soon  be- 
come broad-minded  and  educated  to  a  surprising  degree ; 

The  only  roughnecks  are  among  the  raw  recruits  who,  after  a 
short  time,  -either  become  gentlemen  or  they  have  to  "'beat  it." 

Finally,  the  Government  takes  the  most  tender  care  of  its  sick 
or  infirm  sailors,  and  after  they  have  performed  a  reasonable 
amount  of  service  and  retire  therefrom,  a  handsome  life  pension  is 
the  reward. 


PERTINENT    FACTS 

Relative  to  the  United  States  Navy,  Especially  Concerning1 

Cruisers. 

An  American  cruiser,  although  not  armed  with  the  largest  of 
guns  is  able  to  seriously  tantalize  those  that  are,  for  with  her  bow 
and  stern  shot  away  and  her  bottom  punched  full  of  holes  she  is  still 
able  to  float  and  shoot,  and  when  she  shoots  the  target  is  struck; 
provided  it  is  within  range.  Cruisers  are  only  in  fear  of  torpedoes, 
several  of  which  they  also  carry.  The  wonderful  equipments  of 
these  ships  and  the  marvelous  manner  in  which  they  are  handled 
far  exceeds  the  imaginatoin  of  the  average  person. 

Cruisers  are  a  honeycomb  device  consisting  of  several  hundred 
absolutely  water-tight  compartments,  from  every  one  of  which  there 
are  two  ways  of  escape.  Every  man  has  a  specific  duty  to  perform 
and  knows  how  to  do  it;  furthermore,  he  must  give  an  account  to 
the  man  higher  up.  The  President  of  the  United  States  receives  the 
report  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  who  checks  up  Chief  Admiral 
Benson.  Thus  it  runs  down  the  line  through  the  division  admiral, 
the  captains  of  ships  under  his  command,  the  heads  of  departments, 
chief  petty  officers,  etc.  Every  pound  of  nails,  stick  of  timber,  sack 
of  pOAvder,  can  of  provisions :  in  fact,  each  article  used  aboard  ship 
must  be  accounted  for.  Thus  it  happens  that  discipline  of  a  high 
order  is  the  watchword  throughout  the  navy.  Red  tape  it  is  called, 
but  without  these  regulations  all  would  be  chaotic  aboard  ship. 

Usually  about  5 :30  a.  m.  the  reveille,  that  sounds  so  sweetly 
on  shore  'but  which    spells     dismay    to    so    many     aboard  ship,  is 
sounded.     The  boys  sing  it  in  rag  time,  something  like  this : 
"I  can't  git  'em  up,  I  can't  git  'em  up, 

I  can't  git   'em  up,  in  the  morning; 

I  can't  git  'em  up,  T  can't  git  'em  up. 

I  can't  git   'em  up  at  all." 

The  rest  of  the  words  of  this  ditty  would  not  look  well  in 
print,  so  you  may  guess  at  it.  Instantly  following  reveille  the  air 
is  made  hideous  by  the  tooting  of  many  pipes  and  sonorous  voices 
of  the  boatswains*  who  bellow  out  "Arise  and  Shine,"  "Up  All 
Hammocks,"  "Show  a  Leg  There,"  "Corking  Mats  of  the  Deck." 


Facts  and  Fancies  63 

etc.  Woe  betide  the  drowsy  guy  who  slumbers  on.  as  he  is  likely 
to"  get  a  smash  across  the  place  where  his  hammock  sag's  the  low- 
est. Directly  after  roll-out  com-es  deck  scrubbing  and  wash-up 
followed  by  pipe  down  for  morning  chow,  which  is  served  by  soup- 
hounds,  or  as  the  boys  when  angry  call  them,  slop-hounds.  Now 
look  out  for  the  charge  of  the  ration  grabbers,  when  we  used  to 
hear  something  like  this:  "'One  foot  on  the  deck;  fire  and  fall  back; 
have  a  heart  there;  don't  hog  all  the  beans;  that  man  has  grabbed 
six  men's  rations  of  primes;  here,  you  guy  writh  six  hot  dog's,  come 
across  with  my  share."  Yes,  we  heard  this  sort  of  thing  at  the 
commencement  of  the  cruise,  when  three-fourths  of  the  ship's  com- 
pany were  raw  recruits  and  the  ship  was  handicaped  for  -efficient 
service  to  care  for  the  unusual  crowd.  It  wasn't  long,  however, 
when  all  was  serene  around  the  festive  board.  Now  for  continu- 
ation of  the  reg'ular  order. 

The  smoking  lamp  is  out  for  fifteen  minutes. 
Scrub,  wash  and  mend  clothing. 

At  8  o'clock  salute  the  colors,  visit  the  dentist,  go  to  the  sick 
!>ay  and  turn  in  if  sick  or  turn  to  for  duty,  as  the  case  may  be.  At 
this  same  hour  the  admiral  signals  the  uniform  of  the  day,  which 
must  be  donned  by  every  man  throughout  the  squadron. 

Except  for  an  hour,  when  the  sun  crosses  the  yardarm  and  the 
men  are  at  dinner,  most  of  the  time  until  4  o'clock  is  given  over  to 
drills.  Not  every  drill  is  held  each  day,  but  there  is  always  enough 
to  keep  men  and  officers  from  growing  stale.  The  "great  gun  drill" 
is  n  performance  such  as  the  men  might  have  to  go  through  in  the 
actual  manning  of  the  battery,  loading,  pointing  and  firing  of  guns. 
As  sailors  have  to  be  soldiers,  they  go  through  a  drill  called  the 
"school  of  a  soldier."  "Fire  quarter."  "collision  drill"  and  "aban- 
don ship"  are  for  the  training  of  the  sailors  to  meet  emergencies. 

"General  quarters"  sends  every  man  to  his  place  on  the  ship 
so  that  he  may  be  ready  for  "clearing  ship  for  action,"  which 
means  all  the  rigging  and  every  thing  that  would  impede  firing 
must  be  got  out  of  the  way. 

Every  man  in  these  drills  must  do  his  utmost  to  keep  up  with 
his  mates,  and  it  is  this  friendly  -emulation  that  turns  out  such  a 
capable  body  of  sailor  men.  The  new  men  begin  their  naval  life  in 
a  separate  squad.  Of  course  one  of  the  first  things  a  sailor  has  to 
learn,  if  he  does  not  already  know  it,  is  how  to  swim.  Then  he 
must  be  disciplined  in  the  life  of  a  sailor,  must  learn  how  to  sling 
and  lash  his  hammock  and  to  keep  his  belongings  as  a  sailor  should. 
He  is  instructed  in  signalling,  boxing  the  compass  and  the  flags 
of  the  nations  of  the  earth.  He  must  learn  how  to  heave  the  lead 
and  take  sounding's  and  to  handle  the  ropes  deftly  and  to  whip 
and  splice  when  necessary. 

At  the  training  stations  he  g'oes  aboard  a  small  practice  vessel 
and  puts  into  practice  what  he  has  learned  ashore. 


64  Facts  and  Fancies 

The  Navy's  Schools 

At  the  end  of  four  months  he  must  pass  an  examination.  This 
safely  over,  he  becomes  an  acknowledged  member  of  the  navy.  This 
is  an  age  o,f  specialization  in  the  navy  as  elsewhere.  Many  of  the 
men  enter  the  electrical  schools,  where  they  have  eight  months  of 
instruction.  The  seaman  gunners'  classes  have  six  months'  courses 
qualifying!  the  men  as  gunners'  mates  for  the  battery  of  the  man-o'- 
war.  Beyond  this  there  is  the  course  in  the  manufacture  and  use  of 
high  explosives,  the  care  of  torpedoes  and  the  laying  of  mines  in  the 
naval  torpedo  school 

There  is  also  a  school  for  the  study  of  engines  and  boilers;  an- 
other one  where  carpenters,  blacksmiths,  plumbers,  cooks  and  other 
specialists  can  be  taught. 

Competition  between  the  ships  is  remarkably  keen,  and  each 
sailor  is  as  deeply  interested  in  the  rating1  of  his  ship  as  is  the  com- 
manding officer.  A  regular  schedule  of  engineering  is  made  out 
every  year  for  each  ship,  and  the  way  in  which  they  meet  the  test 
decides  their  standing, 

In  addition  to  the  practical  instruction  at  the  training  sta- 
tions and  in  the  navy  trade  schools  a  course  of  academic  instruc- 
tion is  provided.  But  Jack's  life  is  far  from  being  all  work  and 
no  play. 

The  men  finish  their  day's  work  at  eight  bells — four  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon.  They  then  scatter  about,  read,  play  games,  sing, 
spin  yarns,  play  with  their  pets  or  do  whatever  they  like. 

After  supper,  which  is  served  at  6  o'clock  and  consists  of 
meat  and  potatoes,  dessert,  bread  and  butter  and  tea,  the  men 
again  have  time  for  rest  or  recreation.  Some  of  them  go  to  the 
"movies." 

But  "tattoo"  comes  early — at  9  o'clock — and  a  few  minutes 
later  "taps." 

The  reason  for  superior  efficiency  on  a  United  States  ship  lies 
in  its  excellent  system  of  organization  as  outlined  below : 

Captain  or  Commander  in  Charge,  after  which  comes  the  Departments, 
as  follows: 

First    Lieutenant. 

Chief  Masters  at  Arms   (2) — Yeoman   (1). 

Chief  Boatswain  and  Mates   (2). 

Coxswains  [str.]    (4). 

Sailmakers   (1). 
Chief  Carpenter — Chief  Carpenter's  Mates    (2). 

Carpenter's  Mates  (6). 

Shipwrights   (6). 

Shipfitters   (3). 

Blacksmith  (1). 

Plumbers   (2). 

Painters   (4). 

Printers  (3). 
Navigator. 

Chief  Quartermasters  (2). 

Ship's  Quartermasters  (5). 

Signalmen    [Sea.  and   Ord.   Sea.]    (16). 


Facts  and  Fancies  65 


Ordnance   Officer. 

Electrical  Gunner. 

Chief  Electricians   (2). 

Electricians   (22). 

Radio   Chief   Electrician    (1). 

Radio  Electricians   (3). 

Ordnance  Gunner — Chief  Gunner's  Mates   (2) — Yeoman   (1). 

Fire    Control    Officer — Electricians    (2) — Gunner's    Mates    (3). 

Torpedo  Officer — Chief  Gunner's  Mate  (1) — Gunner's  Mates  (7).; 
Division  Officers. 
For  each  one  of  the  Turrets  there  are  the  following: 

Chief  Turret  Captain   (1). 

Gunner's  Mates   (2). 

Boatswain's  Mates   (2). 

Coxswains    (2). 

Seamen   (21). 

Ordinary  Seamen   (28). 

Electricians    (1). 

Masters-at-Arms   (1). 
And  for  Six -inch  Battery  forward: 

Gunner's  Mates    (2) 

Boatswain's  Mates    (2). 

Coxswains    (2). 

Seamen  (10). 

Ord.  Seamen   (20). 
And  for  Six-inch  Battery  Aft: 

Gunner's  Mates   (3). 

Boatswain's  Mates   (2). 

Coxswain   (1). 

Seamen   (18). 

Ord.   Seamen    (26). 

Masters-at-Arms   (1). 
Engineer  Officer: 

Yeoman   (1). 

Warrant  Engineer  Officers    (3). 
Engine-room   Force: 

Chief   Machinist's   Mates    (3). 

Machinist's  Mates  and  Oilers   (36). 
Assistant  Engineer  Officer: 

Fireroom     force.  «. . 

Chief  Water  Tenders  (3). 

Blacksmith     Co-'-"m?th  and  Water  Tenders    (14). 

Firemen  and  Coal  Passers. 
Pay  Officer: 

Pay  Clerks  (2). 

Commissary   Steward    (1). 

Ship's  Cook  (13). 

Bakers   (4). 

Yeomen   (4). 

Officers'   Servants   (33). 
Medical   Officer: 

Junior  Medical  Officer. 

Hospital  Steward   (1). 

Hospital  Apprentices,    1st  Class    (2). 

Hospital  Apprentices    (4). 
Marine  Officer: 

Junior  Marine  Officer. 

First  Sergeant   (1). 

Sergeants   (2). 

Corporals   (6). 

Privates  (63). 

Trumpeter  (1). 

Drummer   (1). 

Band   (16). 


66  Facts  and  Fancies 

How  to  Distinguish  Ranks  and  Rating's  in  the  United  States  Navy. 

Here  is  a  description  of  the  various  devices  and  insignia,  by  which  the  rank 
and  rating  and  also  the  branches  of  the  service  may  be  distinguished  for  men  in 
the  navy.  In  the  case  of  commissioned  officers  reference  will  always  be  to  the 
collar,  as  that  is  the  marking  most  likely  to  be  noticed  by  the  man  in  the  street. 
Admiral  of  the  Navy — Four  silver  stars  of  five  rays  each,  the  two  end  stars 
surcharged  upon  gold  foul  anchors,  the  crowns  of  the  anchors  'pointing  toward 
each  other  and  one  ray  of  each  star  pointing  upward. 

Rear  Admiral — Same  as  for  admiral  of  the  navy,  omitting  the  anchor  near 
the  front  edge  of  the  collar  but  retaining  its  star,  thus  having  four  stars,  the 
rearmost  one  surcharged  on  a  gold  anchor. 

Vice  Admiral — Same  as  for  admiral,  but  only  three  stars  and  substituting  a 
silver  foul  anchor  without  a  star  for  the  gold  anchor  surcharged  with  a(  star. 
Commodore — Same  as  for  rear  admiral,  but  with  only  one  star. 
Captain — A  silver  spread  eagle  and  a  silver  foul  anchor  in  the  rear  of  the 
eagle. 

Commander — A  silver  oak  leaf  and  a  silver  foul  anchor  in  the  rear  of  the 
leaf. 

Lieutenant  Commander — A  gold  oak  leaf  and  a  silver  foul  anchor  in  the 
rear  of  the  leaf. 

Lieutenant — Two  silver  bars  and  a  silver  foul  anchor  in  the  rear  of  the 
bars,  all  bars  at  right  angles  to  upper  edge  of  collar. 

Lieutenant,  Junior  Grade — A  silver  bar  and  a  silver  foul  anchor  in  rear  of 
bar. 

Ensign — A  silver  foul  anchor. 

Chaplain — On  the  collar  one  inch  from  the  neck  opening  a  Latin  cross  em- 
broidered in  silver. 

Chief  Boatswain — Two  foul  anchors  crossed,  embroiderd  in  silver  sur- 
charged at  point  of  crossing  with  a  gold  five-pointed  star. 

Chief  Gunner — A  flaming  spherical  shell  embroiderd  in  silver,  flame  hori- 
zontal and  pointing  to  the  rear,  surcharged  at  the  center  of  the  shell  with;  a 
gold  five -pointed  star. 

Chief  Machinist — A  three-bladed  propeller  embroiderd  in  silver,  surcharged 
at  the  center  with  a  gold  five-pointed  star. 

Chief  Carpenter  and  Carpenter — A  carpenter's  square,  point  down,  embroi- 
dered in  gold  and  silver  respectively. 

Chief  Sail  maker  and  Sail  maker — A  diamond  embroidered  in  silver  and  gold 
respectively. 

Chief  Pharmacist  and  Pharmacist — A  caduceous  embroidered  in  gold  and 
silver  respectively. 

Midshipmen — A  gold  anchor,  shank  vertical. 

Medical  Officers — A  silver  acorn  leaf  embroidered  upon  a  gold  spread  oak 
lea£with  the  stem  outward. 

Pay  Officers — A  silver  oak  sprig  of  three  leaves  and  three  acorns  inscribed 
in  a  rectangle. 

Naval  Constructors — A  gold  sprig  of  two  live  oak  leaves  and  an  acorn. 
Civil  Engineers — Two  crossed  silver  sprigs,  each  of  two  live  oak  leaves  and 
an  acorn. 

Medical  Reserve  Officers — A  gold  acorn  leaf  embroidered  upon  a  silver 
spread  oak  leaf. 

Distinguishing  marks  for  non-commissioned  officers  and  enlisted  men  are 
the  following: 

Radio  Operator — Four  zigzag  lines  as  of  lightning. 
Torpedoman — A  torpedo. 
Musicians — A  lyre. 
Buglei — A  bugle. 
Shipwright — Two  axes  crossed. 

Ship's  Cooks  and  Bakers  and  Officers'  Stewards  and  Cooks — A  silver  cres- 
cent on  a  dark  background. 

Hospital  Apprentice — A  Geneva  cross  of  red  cloth. 


Facts  and  Fancies  67 


Dates  and  Distances  From  the  Navigator's  Records  of  the  U.  S.  S. 
Pittsburgh,   Flagship   Pacific  Fleet. 

Left  San  Diego  on  May  7th  for  San  Jose  de  Guatemala.  Ar- 
rived in  that  place  on  May  14th  at  about  4 :30  p.  m.  Distance  trav- 
eled 2300  miles.  Left  San  Jose  de  Guatemala  May  17th  at  about 
7:15  a.  m.  Arrived  at  Balboa,  C.  Z.,  on  May  21st  at  5  p.  m.  There 
we  went  into  drydock  for  one  day.  Left  Balboa.  C.  Z.,  on  May 
24th  about  7  a.  m. ;  distance  traveled  1.000  miles.  Proceeded 
through  the  canal  to  Colon;  distance  traveled  06  miles.  Left  Colon 
on  May  30th  at  about  10  a.  m.  for  Bahia,  Brazil,  June  15th  at  about 
4 :15  p.  in. ;  distance  traveled  3,600  miles.  Left  Bahia  on  June  21st 
at  9  a.  m.  and  arrived  in  Rio  de  Janeiro  June  23rd  at  6  :30  p.  m. ; 
distance  traveled  800  miles.  Left  Rio  de  Janeiro  July  6th  at  5:30 
a.  m.  Arrived  in  Montevideo  July  10th  at  about  7 :45  a.  m. ;  dis- 
tance traveled  1,000  miles'.  Left  Montevideo  July  22d  at  9:10  a.  m. 
Arrived  in  Buenos  Aires  July  24th  at  about  6 :15  p.  m. ;  distance 
about  125  miles.  Left  Buenos  Aires  July  31st  at  1 :30  p.  m.  Left 
Rio  de  Janeiro  September  21st  at  4  p.  m.  for  a  sixteen-day  run  to 
Hampton  Roads ;  distance  4919  miles. 


&8  Facts  and  Fancies 

A  Brazilian  Bill  of  Fare 

MENU 
Chicken  Soup   (Canja)    $800 

COLD  (FRIAS) 
Assorted  Meats  &  Potato  Salad l$20o 

FISH  (P1EIXES) 

Boiled  (Cosido)  Brasilian  Style 1$200 

Filets  with  dressing-    1$000 

ENTREES  (BNTRADAS) 

Beefsteak  &  Fried  Potatoes   (Bifes  c  Batatas  Fritas) $800 

Eggs  &  Bacon   (Ovos  estrelades  ao  Bacon) 1$200 

Eggs  &  Ham   (Ovos  estraldos  presunto)    1$200 

y2  Roast  Chicken  (y2  Frango  Assado) 1$500 

Soft  Boiled  Eggs   (Ovos  Quentes)    $600 

Fried  Eggs   (Ovos  Fritos)    $800 

Beefsteak  &   Eggs    (Bifes   com   Ovos) 1$400 

GRILL  (GRILHADAS) 

Chicken  (Frangos)    1$500  Ribs  of  Pork,  Mutton  or  Veal 

Liver    (Figado)     $800                 (Costelletas    de    Porco      Car- 
Kidneys    (Rins)    1$000  neiro  e  Vitella)    1$200 

ROASTS   (ASS ADOS) 
Chicken    (Frangos)     1$500 

VEGETABLES  (LEGUMES) 

Spinach    (Espinafre) $600  Palm  Hearts    (Palmitos)    $60C 

Greens    (Grellos)    $600 

SALADA 

Lettuce  (Alface)  Cress  (Agriao)  or  Potato  (Batata)    $600 

DESSERTS 

Fruit   Pie    (Tcrta    de   Frutas) .  .$600  •         Sliced      Bananas      with      milk, 

Plums    (Ameixas)    $500  Sugar $500 

Quince  Jam   (Marmellada)    $400  Jelly   $500 

Goiaba  Cheese   (Goiabada)    $400  Sweet  Omelet   1$500 

Baked  Bananas  (Bananas  Assa-  (Omelete  ao  Sucre) 

das))    $600  Fried  Bananas    $600 

(Compote  de   Goiaba) $500  (Bananas  Fritas) 

Mamao  Preservers  (Compote)    .  $500  Bananas  uncooked   $200 

FRUITS    (FRUTAS) 

Pears,  Apples,  Grapes  (Peras)  (Macas)   (Uvas)  Mamao   $500 

Mineral  Water  1$000             Bread    &   Butter    (Pao   e   Man- 
Coffee   (Cafe)    $100  or  $200  teiga $300 


Facts  and  Fancies  69 


WHAT   IS   A   PRO-GERMAN? 

(Reprinted  at  the  request  of  the  Oakland  War  Service  League.) 
By    HERBERT   QUICK 

A  pro-German  is  a  man  who,  by  private  or  public  utterances,  stands  in  the 
way  of  a  whole-hearted  prosecution  of  this  war  and  the  defeat  of  the  German 
will  to  conquer. 

He  may  do  it  by  finding  fault  with  the  conduct  of  the  war.  He  may  do  it 
by  impracticable  peace  arguments.  He  may  do  it  through  a  mistaken  policy. 
He  may  do  it  because  he  is  in  the  pay  cl  the  German  government.  Ho  may  do 
it  because  he  has  been  befooled  and  bamboozled  by  those  who  are  ir$  Ger- 
many's pay. 

The  German  will  to  expansion  by  conquest  must  be  broken  by  defeat.  If 
that  rapacious  will  be  not  broken,  the  war  will  not  give  us  peace.  In  all  the 
history  of  the  world  there  never  existed  a  conquering  nation  less  fit  to  rule 
others  than  are  the  Germans.  This  is  true  because  the  German  policy  is  so 
brutal,  so  cruel,  so  scientifically  exterminating.  In  the  streets  of  every  town 
in  German  Poland  children  are  falling  and  dying  of  starvation.  Children  8  to 
12  years  of  age  are  being-  carried  through  the  streets  by  their  parents  because 
they  are  too  weak  co  walk — because  of  starvation.  The  Poles  are  being 
exterminated  as  fast  as  possible  by  the  Germans  just  as  the  Armenitins — the 
oldest  Christian  nation  in  the  world — are  being  exterminated  by  the  Germans 
and  Turkte.  Why?  Because  Germany  wants  the  property  of  the  Poles  for 
Germans  after  the  war;  and  because  they  want  the  property  of  the  Armenians 
for  the  Turks  and  Germans  after  the  war. 

Their  will  can  and  must  be  broken  by  defeat.  It  is  not  the  will  of  the 
individual  German.  It  is  the  bloody,  brutal,  cruel,  devilish  will  of  the  German 
government  and  the  German  ruling  class,  mis-educated  in  the  school  which 
believes  that  war  is  the  summation  of  human  good. 

A  pro-German  is  any  one  who  stands  in  the  way  of  our  successful  prosecu- 
tion of  the  war.  Every  word  that  falls  from  the  tongue  of  any  American  or  is 
written  by  him  carries  with  it  a  responsibility  greater  than  ever  existed  in  the 
history  of  this  nation.  Look  well  to  what  you  say  or  do. 

Germany  has  in  this  country  hundreds  of  papers  printed  in  the  German 
tongue.  Whether  this  ought  to  be  or  not  is  a  grave  question.  If  any  of  these 
papers  are  loyal,  I  do  not  know  of  them.  Some  of  them  may  be,  but  I  have 
riot  heard  of  them. 

These  and  other  papers  and  many  individuals  say  they  are  for  America,  but 
none  of  them  say  they  are  against  Germany.  He  who  is  for  us  is  Against 
Germany.  He  who  is  not  against  Germany,  tooth  and  nail,  in  this  war  is  not 
for  America.  You  can  tell  the  pro -German  by  another  test:  If  he  is  against 
France,  or  against  Italy,  or  against  Russia,  he  is  pro-German. 

The  armies  and  navies  of  these  powers  are  fighting  our  fight  They  are 
dying  by  thousands  every  day  to  make  the  world  safe  for  democracy.  If  we 
win,  we  must  win  because  they  do  most  of  the  fighting  and  dying,  while  we 
only  do  some  of  it. 

The  enemy  of  Great  Britain  is  pro-German.  The  enemy  of  Russia  is  pro- 
German  and  anti- democratic.  The  enemy  of  Italy  is  against  America.  The 
enemy  of  France  is  lost  to  every  claim  of  patriotism. 

Do  not  let  these  pro-Germ jins  poison  the  atmosphere  in  your  locality  by 
slandering  our  allies  without  challenge.  It  is  time  to  call  down  the  man  who 


7o  Facts  and  Fancies 

fights  against  our  armies  with  tongue  or  pen,  no  matter  what  flag  those  armies 
are  fighting  under.  Words  are  things.  In  such  a  crisis  they  are  dreadful 
things,  piortentious  things,  things  which  can  not  be  allowed  to  pa,ssi  as  of 
no  account. 

Germany  is  penetrating  every  country  of  the  world  with  her  hired  spies 
and  traitors.  She  disorganized  the  Russian  army  through  traitors  after  the 
revolution.  She  knew  the  plan  of  Russian  battle  beforehead  through  traitors. 
She  has  filled  this  country  with  spies  and  traitors.  She  has  financed  the 
I.  W.  W.,  without  a  doubt.  She  has  destroyed  property  and  debauched  our. 
citizens. 

Is  there  any  American  who  does  not  long  for  peace?  Not  one!  Neither  is 
there  a  Briton  or  Frenchman  or  Italian  or  Russian.  But  it  must  not  be  ai 
German  peace,  leaving  the  great  spider  in  the  center  of  his  web  waiting  for 
another  chance.  It  must  be  a  real  peace.  It  must  be  made  with  the  German 
people  or  with  a  ruined  Hohenzollern — one  or  the  other.  But  he  who  talks 
peace  as  if  he  only  longs  for  it,  as  if  he  only  were  commissioned  to  make 
peace,  must  want  a  different  sort  of  peace  from  the  sort  \ve  must  have.  Dis- 
trust him.  He  may  be  sincere,  but  he  may  not  be. 

The  world  has  in  the  past  been  conquered  by  traitors — oftener  than  it  was 
ever  conquered  by  arms.  The  Mexican  people  fought  each  other  into  slavery 
to  Spain.  Let  us  not  be  bought  by  German  g*old  into  slavery  to  Germany. 


With  an  Apology  to  "Hoch  Der  Kaiser." 

Contributed  by  a  disgusted  Americanized  German. 

(To  be  sung  in  Rag  Time.) 

GOTT  ALMIGHDY  VILHELM. 


Behold  der  Great  Kaiser  tremendous  und  grufl, 
Mit  his  furious  mustaches  pointed  abuff; 
To  remind  efry  creature  upon  German  sot, 
Dot  he  is  der  Kaiser,  py  Chesus  py  Gott. 

He  determined  to  rule,  und  as  he  took  a  notion, 
All  peoples  vot  lif  on  his  side  off  der  earth; 
To  chase  efry  kicker  right  into  der  ocean 
Unt  to  make  of  his  enemies  simply  a  dearth. 

Oh  he's  a  rethot   potentate, 
Dis  mighdy  man  of  great  estate; 
He  does  not  pause  a  little  bit, 
To  let  you  know  he's  all  of  it. 

Now  ven  der  Kaiser  makes  a  speech, 

He  doesn't  holler,  shout  or  screech; 

But,    mit   aspect    shtern    unt    stubborn   vill, 

He  tries  to. all  der  people  thrill; 

To  set  all  lands  in  great  commotion; 

Unt  rattle  up  der  mighdy  ocean. 

"I  am  der  Mighdy  Kaiser  off  you  all, 

Ven  I  open  vide  my  mout  you  come  unto  my  call. 

Chevohah  he  discoverd  me  unt  set  me  right  in  motion, 

Unt  you  who  cannot  see  der  point  most  chump  into  der  ocean, 

Voll  dis  Kaiser  rushed  right  into  battle, 

Mil    his  bristling  mustaches  unt  cannons  rattle; 

A    flock  of  miu'hdy  big  hot  air  balloons: 

chiant    eater-pillar   enchines   und    pontoons, 

An  amazing  swarm  of  Uhland  lancers 

I'm   other  sorts  off  fancy  prancers. 

Now  dot  Kaiser  he  did  soon  find  out, 

Dot  there  vere  udders  who  could  do  some  shooting; 

To  put  his  soldiers  in  a  rout, 

Und  send  his  cohorts  homevard  scooting. 

Dot  mighdy  mustache  now  is  drooping, 
For  tings  haf  happened  thick  und  fast; 
Der  var  Gott  to  der  rear  is  trooping, 
Und  vondering  if  his  chob  vill  last. 

Veil,  after  dis  war,  dere  comes  Democracy, 
To  knock  out  kings  und  Aristocracy; 
To  queer  der  chob  of  being  Kaisers 
Und  udder  humbug  curtain  risers. 

li.ih!    dis  war  iss  monkey  business,  a  bumb-geschaft, 
Dot  rattles  up  der  people,  und  makes  dem  all  go  daft. 
Ven  it  iss  over  den  der  Kaiser  he  must  go, 
Und  give  to  all  der  peoples  a  half  vay  decent  show. 

N  B. — The  guy  who  got  the  above  out  of  his  system  died  the  next  day. 


Two  views  of  the  Panama  Canal 


Roster  of  Pacific  Fleet  Officers  71 

UNITED  STATES  PACIFIC  FLEET. 
Roster  of  Officers. 

Admiral  William   Banks  Caperton.   United  States  Navy,  com- 
mander in  chief. 

Commander  L.  McNamee,  Chief  of  Staff. 
Medical  Inspector  E.  S.  Bogert,  Fleet  Surgeon. 
Pay  Inspector  J.  Fyffe.  Fleet  Paymaster. 
Major  of  Marines,  R.  M.  Cntts,  Marine  Officer. 
Lieutenant  A.  T.  Beauregard,  Flag1  Secretary. 
Lieutenant  H.  M.  Lammers,  Flag  Lieutenant. 
Lieutenant  (j.  g.)  W.  S.  Hogg',  Fleet  Radio  Officer. 
Assistant  Paymaster  T.  A.  Culhane. 
(lunner  J.  J.  Alexander,  Radio  Gunner. 
Knuineer  H.  G.  Bo  wen.  Fleet  Engineer. 

Commissioned  Officers. 

Commander   G.   B.  Bradshaw  Ensign  F.  W.  Wead 

Commander  Z.  E.  Briggs  Ensign  E.  P.  Sauer 

Lieut.  Comdr.  J.  W.   Pond  Ensign  B.  R.  Alexander 

Lieut.  G.  B.  Wright  Ensign  J.  A.  Sternberg 

Lieut.  J.  A.  Monroe  Ensign  W.  P.  Bacon 

Lieut.  W.  W.  Bradley  Ensign  J.  M.  Steele 

Lieut.  E  Lyders,  NCDR  Ensign  W.  P.  Rutledge 

Lieut,  R.  Agerup,  NCDR  Ensign  J.  D.  Price 

Lieut,  M.  Harloe,  NCDR  Ensign  E.  W.  Sprague  NNV 
Lieut,  (jg)  R,  M.  Johnson  NCDR  Ensign  F.  Risser 
Lieut,  (jg)  J.  D.  McLeod,  NCDR  Ensign  N.  Anderson 

Knsig-n  \V.  II.  A.  Pike  Jr.  Ensign  F.  Evans 

Ensign  W.  Granat  Ensign  F.  Myers 

Ensign  R.  J.  Jondreau  Ensign  C.  S.  Chapman 

Ensign  J.  B.  Kneip  Ensign  C.  J.  Nanson 
Ensign  D.  C.  Watson 

Warrant  Officers. 

Surgeon  Karl  Ohnesorg  Chaplain  L.  N.  Taylor 

Asst.  Snrg.   II.   McDonald  Machinist  G.  C.  Neilson 

Dent.  Surg.  J.  D.  Halleck    .  Carpenter  H.  M.  Davis 

Paymaster  C.  S.  Baker  Asst.  Paymaster  F.  A.  Abbott 

Asst.  Pay.  F.  G.  Crist.  NFR  Act.  Pay  Clerk  D.  F.  Zimmerman 

Capt.  G.  A.  Johnson,  USMC  Prov.  Act.  Pay  Clerk  W.  S.  Cooper 
Kirst  Lieut.  J.  B.  Sebree,  USMC  Prov.  Act.  Pay  Clerk  C.  C.  Hanan 

FIRST  DIVISION. 

Pittsburgh  (Flagship). 

Commander  G.  B.  Bradshaw  Lieut.  E.  Lyders,  N.  R.  F. 

Lieut.  J.  E.  Pond  Lieut.  M.  Harloe,  N.  R.  F. 

Lirnt.  J.  A.  Monroe  Lieut,  (j.g.)  J.  D.  McLeod,  N.R.F. 


Roster  of  Pacific  Fleet  Officers 


Ensign  W.  Granat 
Ensign  J.  B'.  Kneip 
Ensign  F.  W.  Wead 
Ensign  B.  R.  Alexander 
Ensign  W.  P.  Bacon 
Ensign  P.  W.  Eutledge 
Ensign  E.  W.  Sprague,  N.N.V. 
Asst.  Surg.  H.  McDonald 
Paymaster  C.  S.  Baker 
G.  A.  Johnson,  U.  S.  M.  C. 
Chaplain  L.  N.  Taylor 
Commander  Z.  E.  Briggs 
Lieut.  G.  B.  Wright 
Lieut.  W.  W.  Bradley  Jr. 


Lieut.  R.  Agerup,  N.  R.  F. 
Lieut,  (j.  g.)  R.  M.  Johnson,  NRF. 
Elision  W.  H.  A.  Pike  Jr. 
Ensign  R.  J.  Jondreau 
Ensign  D.  C.  Watson 
Ensign  E.  P.  Saner 
Ensign  J.  M.  Sternberg 
Ensign  J.  M.  Steele 
Ensign  J.  D.  Price 
Surgeon  Karl  Ohnesorg 
Dental  Surgeon  J.  D.  Halleck 
Asst.  Pay.  F.  G.  Crist.  N.  R.  F. 
Lieut.  First.  J.  B.  Sebree.  U.S.M.C. 


Frederick. 


Captain  W.  C.  Col-e 

Lieut.  Com.  R.  S.  Gulp 

Lieut.  J.  J.  Manning 

Lieut.  R.  H.  Baker,  N.  N.  V. 

Lieut.  R,  A.  Silent.  N.  N.  V. 

Lieut,  (j.g.)  H.  S.  Haynes,  N.N.V. 

Ensign  J.  Wilkes 

Ensign  I.  Parker 

Ensign  I.  Lehrfeld 

Ensign  L.  D.  Miller,  N.  R.  F. 

Ensign  S.  R.  Siebert,  N.  N.  V. 

Ensign  C.  W.  Pierce,  N.  N.  V. 

Paymaster  E.  M.  Hacker 

Asst.  Surg.  T.  C.  Pounds.  N.  N.  V. 


Lieut.  Com.  J.  P.  Jackson 
Lieut.  Com.  W.  B.  Allison.  N.N.V. 
Lieut.  A.  A.  Garcelon 
Lieut.  J.  A.  Ducray,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut.  W.  E.  Hubbard,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut,  (j.g.)  W.  R.  Cobb,  N.N.V. 
Ensign  J.  A.  Scott 
Ensign  J.  C.  Tyler 
Ensign  W.  S.  B.  Claude 
Ensign  A.  M.  Baldwin,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  C.  B.  Tillotson,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  J.  II.  Garrett,  N.  R.  F. 
P.  A.  Surg'.  C.  B.  Munger 


Pueblo. 


Captain  G.  W.  Williams 
Lieut.  W.  A.  Glassford  Jr. 
Lieut,  J.  F.  McCloin 
Lieut,  (j.g.)  A.  Schulze 
Lieut.  F.  R.  Seaver,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut,  W.  C.  Tooze,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut,  (j.g.)  H.  C.  Buckle,  N.N.V. 
Ensign  G.  P.  Brewster  Jr. 
Midn.  V.  O.  Clark 
Midn.  H.  W.  Anderson 
Ensign  R.  J.  A.  Stern.  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  Dana  Hogan,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  A.  A.  Oakley,  N.  R.  F. 
P.  A.  Surg.  A.  J.  Murietta,  N.N.V. 
P.  A,  Paymaster  M.  D.  Stanley 


Lieut.  Com.  M.  H.  Simons 
Lieut.  W.  C.  Owen 
Lieut,  (j.sr.)  N.  W.  Hibbs 
Lieut.  J.  G.  Willey,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut.  F.  S.  M.  Harris,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut.  D.  A.  Loebenstien,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  C.  II.  Ritchie 
Ensign  Carlyle  Craig 
Midn.  H.  F.  Conneill 
Ensign  H.  H.  Gill,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  R.  £.  Shively,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  R,  T.  Haas,  N.  N.  V. 
Surgeon  E.  G.  Parker 
Asst.  Surg.  W.  H.  Bowman 
Capt.  H.  C.  Pierce,  U.  S.  M.  C. 


Roster  of  Pacific  Fleet  Officers 
South  Dakota. 


73 


Captain  L.  A.  Bostwick 

Lieut.  Com.  L.  H.  Lacy 

Lieut.  E.  D.  Almy 

Lieut.  T.  L.  McCauley 

Lieut.  G.  H.  J-ett,  N.  X.  V. 

Ensign  W.  A.  Corn 

Ensign  F.  P.  Thomas 

Ensign  G.  K.  Weber 

Ensign  E.  W.  Hoffman,  N.  N.  V. 

Ensign  E.  H.  LeTourneau,  N.N.V. 

Ensign  R.  A.  Mackey,  N.  N.  V. 

Asst.  Surg.  C.  I.  Wood 

Asst.  Pay.  R.  W.  Swearingen 


Lieut.  Com.  M.  G.  Cook 
Lieut.  Com.  G.  F.  Blair,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut.  H.  A.  Jones 
Lieut.  Weddell  Foss,  N.  N.  V. 
Lieut,  (j.g.)  H.  F.  Parmel-ee 
Ensign  J.  M.  Moss 
Ensign  F.  G.  Fabrion 
Ensign  Robert  B.  Mathews 
Ensign  J.  C.  Freeman  Jr.,  N.N.V. 
Ension  H.  M.  Wakeman,  N.  N.  V. 
Ensign  W.  A.  Me  Adam.  N.  N.  V. 
Asst.  Surer.  B.  L.  Norden,  N.N.V. 


Complete  Roster  of  the  Crew  of  the  Cruiser  Pittsburg. 


Aberle,  Leo  L. 
Ackerman,  Glenna  A. 
Adams,   Alexander   G. 
Adams,   Harry  A. 
Adams,  Robert  F. 
Adams,   William    W. 
Ad  cock,    Paul   W. 
Adkins.   Nick   W. 
Agvr.  Miles  K. 
A I  faro,  Juan 
Algvr.    Sam 
Allen,  Thomas'  C. 
Ament,  Herbert    K. 
Ammon,    Alfred   B. 
Amos.  Leoncio 
Anderegg,   Dewey  F. 
Anderson,  Elmer  W. 
A  n< let-son,  John  M 
Anderson,  Mel  van  R. 
Anderson.    Ralph    R. 
Anderson,  Rowland 
Anderson,    William 
Andrews.   Donald  H. 
Andrews   .Jr.,    Edwin    S. 
Andrews.  Joseph  S. 
Angkico,   Leopoldo 
Anglovic,  John   INI. 
Applegate,   Hubert   F. 
A  rn old,  Victor  W. 
Ar<_rule.  William  L. 
Armstrong,   James 
Armstrong,  Jay  W. 


Arnold.  Earnest  E. 
Asercion,  Delfin 
Ashley,  Frank  E. 
Atherton.  Ralph 
Aubrey.  Jr.,  Harry  P. 
Avery,  Samuel  R. 
Bagby,  Georg-e  F. 
B'augett.  Lucius  T. 
Raker,  Forbes  L. 
Baker,  Gordon  L. 
Baker,  James  L. 
Baldwin,  Leslie 
Balingao,  Mariano  E. 
Bares,  Emite  J. 
Barnard,  Jessie  L. 
Barner.  Fred  M. 
Barnhart,  William  H. 
Barnhouse,  Edward  B. 
Barrett,  Jason  A. 
Barrett,  John  W. 
Barth-el,  Joseph  L. 
Barton,  Ubert  S. 
Basden,  Bennie 
Batcheler,  John  E. 
Baxter,  William  O. 
Bay,    Ira   M. 
Beer,  Warren  J. 
Bell.   Thomas  A. 
Bell,  Thomas  J. 
B'eltram.  Fabian 
Bennett,  Jack 
Berg,  Louis  A. 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsburg 


74 

Berg'bower,  Deo  B. 
Bergin,  John  V. 
Berreth,  Charley 
Beye,  Oral  A. 
Biggers,  Earl  G. 
Billingsley,   Claud  H. 
Bird,   William   J. 
Birge,  Lorenzo 
Blrk, '  Everill  R. 
Bitonio,   Macario 
Bjerke,  Henry 
Blackett,  Walter  N. 
Blumberg,   Ewart   G. 
Blythe,  Oscar  T. 
Boice,  Wes 
Boldman,   Blanchard 
Boldman,  William 
Boiling,  Robert  A. 
Bond,  Everett  J. 
Bond,  Percy 
Bonner,  Thomas  W. 
Bonus,  Baltazas 
Boos,  George  O. 
Bergman,  Barnard 
Bos  well,  Albert  L. 
Bower,  Philip  F. 
Box,  Horace 
Boyce,  Harry  L. 
Boyd,    Aubrey  A. 
B'oyer,   Raymond  W. 
Brackett,   Charles  A. 
Brackett,  Joe  W. 
Bradbury   Herbert   T. 
Bradley,  Benjamin  P. 
Bradley,  Forrest  F. 
Brady,  William  F. 
Brandt,  Frank  S. 
Brandt,  Willard  H. 
Brandt,  Wilbert  H. 
Brannan,  Roy 
Bratton,  Elijah  A. 
Bridges,  Walter 
Britton,  Ira  H. 
Brock,   William  B. 
Brockhausen,   Chester 
Brooks,  Owen  E. 
Brown,   Jack 
Brown,  James  R. 
Brown,  John  P. 


Brown,  Russell  C. 
Bruker,  Francis  H. 
B'runner,  Frank 
Buce,  Jack  McK 
Bulling'er,  Fred  O. 
Bunce,  Frank 
Burns,   Frank 
Burns,    John   F. 
Burro,  Grigorio 
Buster,  Pearly  E. 
Butcher,  Fred  R. 
Butler,  Martin  K. 
Buzard,  Alfred  J.  Jr. 
B'yas,  John  F. 
Byram,    George   C. 
Bywaters,  Branson  B. 
Cain,  WTill  J. 
Calamo,  Charles  A. 
Caldron,  Joseph 
Caldwell,   Robert 
Campbell,  Charlie  W. 
Campbell,  John  A. 
Campbell,  Roy 
Cannon,  Georg'e  E. 
Cannon.  John  M. 
Cantrowith,  Louis  A. 
Carey,  Denis  A. 
Carley,  Richard  E. 
Carlile,  Herman  J. 
Carlton,  Paul  C. 
Carpenter,  Floyd  A. 
Carrigan,  Chester  J. 
Carson,  Albert  E. 
Carter,  Fred  J.,  Jr. 
Case,  Hugh  F. 
Casey,    Guy 
Casler,  Joe 
Cassel,  Ned 
Cates,  Earl  L. 
Catlett,  John  M. 
Caudell,  Jess  G. 
Chadick,  Alva  G. 
Chalk,  William  T. 
Chamberlain,  Reamer  A. 
Chambers,  Robert  J. 
Charles.  Herbert  G. 
Chenoweth,  William 
Cherry,  John  S. 
Chervinski,  Leonard  M. 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsbnrg 


75 


Cho,  Bung  H. 
Cisko,  Paul 
Clarey,  Roy  A. 
Clark,  Anderson 
Claassen,  George  D. 
Cleland,  George  S. 
demons,  Stanford  B. 
Clyde,  Ralph 
Cochran,  John 
Cockrell,  Alexander  M. 
Coffin,  Henry  S. 
Cogdill,  Richard  E. 
Coker,  James  W. 
Colbert,  Harry  E. 
Colby,  Marcus  W. 
Coleman,  Ray 
Col  em  an,  William  J. 
Coley,  Webster 
Comstock',  Guy 
Condon,  George  H. 
Conger,  Elias  G. 
Conklin,  Grove  B. 
Conners,  Harry  C. 
Conner,  Leslie  C. 
Cook,  Charles  C. 
Cook,  Leary  L. 
Cooper,  Harry  D. 
Copeland,  Carey  H. 
Cordero,  Rufino 
Corner,  Ivan  W. 
Coville,  Tony  M. 
Cox,  John  O. 
Cox,  James  F. 
Crafton,  Travis  C. 
Crain,  Harold  D. 
Crane,  David  X. 
Crawford,  Everett   B. 
Cres'on,  Clifford  D. 
Crow,  Joseph 
Crow,  Riley  T. 
Crudo,  Eugenio  C. 
Cruickshank,  George 
Cull,  Francis  J. 
Cummings,  Engram 
Cummings.  John  W. 
Cummmgs,  Benjamin  G. 
Cundy,  Gilbert  DeA. 
Curlee  Joe  E. 
Currier,   Roland  L. 


Daggett,  Arthur  B. 
Dahl,   Phillip   H. 
Dailey,  Daniel  J. 
Dalglish,  John  F. 
Dallimore,   William  F. 
Daniel,  Austin  H. 
Daniels,   Anthony 
Darr?   Albert   R. 
Davies,  Guy  L. 
David,  Juan 
Davies,  William  A. 
Davin,  Camile  E. 
Davis,  Allen 
Davis,  Charles-  W. 
Davis,  Joseph  S. 
Davis,  Leonard  S. 
Davis,  Ovid  E. 
Dawson,  John  B. 
Day,  Arthur  R. 
Dean,  Clyde  H. 
Decker,   Marshall 
De  Lancey,  Charles  R. 
Delaney,  Joseph  H. 
Delliquadri,   Dominick  F. 
Denike,  Albert  C. 
Denniss,  Otto  F. 
De  Veuve,  Donald 
D-e  Voe,  Bernerd  E. 
Dexter,  Parker  H. 
Diaz,  Vicente  E. 
Diekerson,  Joe  M. 
Dickerson!,    Kendrick   H. 
Dixon,  George  W. 
Dodds,    Thomas 
Dolan,  Daniel 
Doolittle,  Clyde  C. 
Douglas,  Horace 
Dowell.  Russell  C. 
Downing,  Lyman  H. 
Downs,  Russell  V. 
Downs,  Von  D. 
Doyle,  Arlington  W. 
Doyle,  David  E. 
Dudley,  Robert  E. 
Dudrow,  Charles  E. 
Dugger,  Raymond  E. 
Duncan,  Albert  G. 
Dunlap,  Burt  C. 
Dutcher,  Lester  A. 


76  Roster  of  Enlisted  Men   of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsbnr" 


Duval,  Franklin  A. 
Dyer,   Samson 
Eads,  William  D. 
Easton,  Donald  Mac  F. 
Eckel,  Frederick  C. 
Edens,  Neil 
Egbert,  Delance  E. 
Ekard,  Walter  B. 
Elliott,  Clifford  L. 
Elliott,   Floyd  H. 
Elliott,  James.  W. 
Elliott,  William  W. 
Ellis,  Deward  P. 
Ellison,  Walter  W. 
Eisner,  Cloyde  H. 
Elwood,   George  H. 
Embrey,  Carl  D. 
Endicott,  Harry  B. 
Erickson,  Edgar  W. 
Ernst,  John  L. 
Espy.  Douglas  B. 
Estavillo,   Thomas 
Ethridg'e,  Samuel  R. 
Fabun,  Robert  C. 
Fang,  Ah 
Farmer,  Gilbert  J. 
Farmer.  George  W. 
Farris,   Cero  B. 
Fe-ehan,  Walter  P. 
Feith,  John 
Felt,  Carl  I. 
Fenton,  Lyell  L. 
Ferguson,  George  A. 
Ferree,  B. 
Ferrer,  Felix 
Ferris,  Allen  H. 
Finch,  Pearl  R. 
Flenberg,  Julius 
Finley,  John  J. 
Finucane,  John  W. 
Fisher,  Eugene  B. 
Fitzgerald,  Paul  D. 
Fle«hman,   Ernest 
Flisher,  Bryan 
Foegley,  Walter  L. 
Fontillas,  Flaviano 
Fotte,  Arlie  H. 
Ford,  Edward  G. 
Ford,  Lee  B. 


Ford,   Thomas  M. 
Foreich,  John 
Foster,  Arthur 
Foster,  Walter  E. 
Frank,  Cyrus  E. 
Franklin,  William  C. 
Frazier,  Jacob  M.,  Jr. 
Froman,  Lauren  G. 
Frost,  Warren  T. 
Fuson,  William  G. 
Fyfe,  Benjamin  H. 
Gadberry,   William   J. 
Galvez,  Alfredo 
Gannon,  James  A.  , 
Garcia,  Leopoldo  E. 
Gardner,   William  E. 
Garland,  Thomas  E. 
Garmes,  John 
Garren,  James  L. 
Garson.  Frank  B.  H. 
Genge,  Everett  R. 
Gieser,  Ralph  H. 
Gilbert  Wilbur  McC. 
Gilchrist,  Alexander 
Giles,  Elige  M. 
Gillett,  Claude 
Glick,  Benjamin 
Gloor,  Howard  F. 
Golding,  Frederick  B. 
Goldupp,  Richard  L. 
Congtwer,  Burr  H. 
Gonzales,  Gandencio 
Goodman,  Jerome 
Gordon,  Ralph  T. 
Goree,  Clinton  F. 
Gould,  Frank  L. 
Gowan,  Joseph  H. 
Graham,  Raymond  J. 
Graves,  Ora 
Graves,  Paul  W. 
Gray,  William  M. 
Gray,  William  P. 
Green,  Newton  A. 
Greene,  Ralph  E. 
Gregory,  James  G. 
Griffin  Henry  E. 
Griffin,  Lester  E. 
Griffith,  Hugh  E. 
Grindle,  Monroe 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men   of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsbnrg 


77 


Gronczeski,  Roman  J. 
Haggood,  Wayne  L. 
Halamuda,  Ferdinand 
Halbert,  Glenn  W. 
Haley,  Edward  P. 
Hall,  Andrew  F. 
Hall,  John  W. 
Hall.  Roy  A. 
llalverson,  John 
Hamblin,   Roy  R. 
Hamilton,  William  H. 
Hand,    Herbert    C. 
Harder,  Salvador 
Harding,  Leo  L. 
Hardy  man,  Willis  C. 
Hargreaves.  Thurlow  E. 
Harris.  Frank  C. 
Hawley,  Melvin  A. 
Haydon.  Robert  L. 
I  hi  yes,  Ernest  McC. 
TTazelbaker,  Herschel  F. 
TIazell,  Leland 
Hefe,  Roman 
Hcim.  Bart  J. 
Heitzenreder,  Thomas  F. 
Hendrickson,  Edward  D. 
TTencley,  Alex 
Henderson,  Roy 
Hi -nry.  Ross  E. 
Herrmann,  August  J. 
Hersekorn.  Julius 
llrrtert,  George 
Hickey,  Jason 
Hicks,  Frank  C. 
Ilier.  Edgar  A. 
Hill,  Albert  J. 
Hill,  Chester 
Hill,  Willie  E. 
Hill,  William  F. 
Mill.  William  0. 
Hillyer,  Marion  D. 
Hinds.  Herbert  II. 
Ilivanada.  Anastacio 
Hocking.  Harry  H. 
Hogan,  Edward  F. 
Hoosier,  Charley  F. 
TToran,  Howard  H. 
Iloran.  Walter  F. 
ITornecker,   Helmuth 


Horton,  Homer  J. 
Hortsman,  Herschel  J. 
Hosch,  Delber  C. 
Howard,  Robert  M. 
Hunt,  John  F. 
Hurley,  Forrest  F. 
Hyer,  James  E. 
Ingram,  Fredrick  G. 
Israel.  Harry 
Jackson,  J.  M. 
James,  Percy  T. 
Jelsch,  Antone,  Jr. 
Jennette,  John 
Job-bins,  Joseph  S. 
Johnson,  Alexander  L. 
Johnson,  Allen  A. 
Johnson.  Earl 
Johnson,  Edward  L. 
Johnson,  Irvin 
Johnson,  John  G. 
Johnson.  Raymond 
Johnson.  Thomas  L. 
Johnston,   John 
Jones,  Charles  C. 
Jones,  Earl  L. 
Jones,  Haddon  C. 
Jones,  James  P. 
Jones,  Ray  S. 
Jones,  Holland  F. 
Jordan,  Harry  B. 
Jordan,  Howard  V. 
Jorgenson,  Liland  S. 
Jube,  Vicente 
Jury.  Walter  E. 
Kapy,  Edward  N. 
Ka^hiwamura,  Henry  K. 
Kates,  William  C. 
Keaton,  Thomas  J.  S. 
Keck,  Fred,  Jr. 
Kemp,  John  E.     . 
Kendrick,  William  H. 
Kennedy,  Virgil  C. 
Kershaw,  James  R. 
Ketcham,  Gerad  H. 
Keys,  Wallace  W. 
Kiely,  James 
King,  Glenn 
King,  Judson  R. 
King,  William  O. 


78 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsburg 


Kin  man,  John  D. 
Kinney,  Paul  D. 
Kleppinger,  Albert  C. 
Knowles,  Roy  E. 
Knowlton,  Charles  W. 
Kolstad,  Roy  W. 
Korp,  Melvin  L. 
Krause,  Edward  W. 
Kreh,  Carl  H. 
Kretz.  Frank  X. 
Kroll,  Afton  J. 
Krueger,  Charles  J. 
Krummes,  Oscar  S. 
Kruszka,  Frank  J. 
Kuava,  Michael  T. 
Kunimatz,  Matsuo 
Kuthe,  Charles  A. 
Kyle,  James  P. 
LaFrance,  Harry  R. 
Lamm.  William  J.  B. 
Lane,  Angus  MacD. 
Lane,  George  V. 
Langland,  John  A. 
Larson,  Louis  A. 
Latimer,  Emerson 
Latourelle,  Henry  P. 
Lawrence,  James  A. 
Lawson,  Vernon  T. 
Leathers,  George  A. 
LeBlanc,  Leo  C. 
Ledbetter,  Jesse  H. 
Leerskov,  Calvin  J. 
Leidy,  Floyd 
Leighton,  Albert  J. 
Leighton,  Francis  D. 
Lennox,  James 
Leonard,  Charlie  L. 
Lillegard,  Elmer  H. 
Little,  Elmer  S. 
Littrell,   Andrew  J. 
Loggins,  Reubin  N. 
Loh,  Ah 
Long,  Edger  H. 
Long.  Reginald  B'. 
Longwood,  Charl-esi  L. 
Lorency,  Joseph 
Lott,  Frank  W. 
Lotz,  Lorin  L. 
Lowery,  Jess 


Lozier,  Chester  A. 
Lundberg,  John  E. 
Lycke,  Adolph  N. 
Lynch,  William,  P. 
MacLaehlan,  Kenneth  A. 
Maghanoy,  Anastacio 
Magistrado,  Valentin 
Mahan,  James  J. 
JVIahan,  Levi 
Maisonneuve,  Albert  L. 
Maker,  Harry  A.,  Jr. 
Malcolm,  Roy  A. 
Mnnglona,  Vicente 
Marion,  William  V. 
Marks,  C.  W. 
Marschner,  Henry  0.  A. 
Marsh,  James  B. 
Martin,  Clayton  F. 
Martin,  Frank 
Martin,  James  L. 
Mason,  Alfred  F. 
Mason,  Peter 
Masotes,  Florencio 
.Mathis,  Lee 
Maupin,  Harold  S. 
Maxedoii,  Arthur  A. 
Maxfield,  Junius  C. 
Meadows,  Bolton  W. 
Mcasell,  Paul  D. 
M-fcdalla,  Vicente 
Mendoza,  Benito 
Merriam,  Roy  S. 
Merritt,  Harold  S. 
Meyer,  Harry  M. 
Meyer,  John  M.,  Jr. 
JNfeyer,  Max  H. 
Meyer.  Roland  L. 
Michcls,  Joseph  P. 
Middlomiss.  Foster  B. 
Middleton,  Herbert  G. 
Leonard,  James  R. 
Lentz,  Earl  A. 
Lewis,  James  R. 
Lewis,  Millard  F. 
Lewis,  Ralph  E. 
Lewis,  Will  L. 
Millar,  Robert  H. 
Mil  ay  a,  Agripino 
Miller,  Carl  A. 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsbitrg  79 


Miller,  Chares  W, 
Miller,  David 
Miller,  George  E. 
Miller,  Jasper  C. 
Miller,  John 
Miller,  Max  R. 
Miller,  Tilman  S. 
Miller,  William  E. 
Miller,  Virgil  H. 
Mims,  Benjamin  F. 
Minis,  John  E. 
Mitchell,  David  R. 
.Mitchell,  Frank  W. 
Molitor,  Peter 
Moll,  William  B. 
Monroe,  David  L. 
Morton,  James  H. 
Montoya,  Moises 
Moore,  Francis  O. 
Moore,  Ellis  W. 
Morgan.  Charles  E. 
Moriarty,  Daniel  L 
Moriarty,  George  J. 
Morning,  Frank  W. 
Morris,  Benjamin  E. 
Morris,  Jesse  R. 
Morrison,  Louie  H. 
Morse,  Richard  G. 
Morrison,  Curtis  F. 
Mounter,  Dick 
Moiissier,  Claud  R. 
Mueller,  Edmund  F.  A. 
Mulvihill,  John  J. 
Minis.  Harry 
Miirchison.  Hugh  R. 
.Murphy.  Charles  H. 
Murphy.  Herbert  D. 
Murphy,  Patrick  M. 
Murphy,  Thomas  E. 
Murray,  John  L. 
Myers,  Chester  A. 
M.-lieth,  Ernest  F. 
McCaffrey,  Edward  L. 
M,-r;,llick,  Joseph  T. 
McCarter,  Jesse  B. 
McCarter,  Kellie 
McCarthy,  Rogers 
MeClary,  Donald  B. 
M<- Coll om,  Oscar  B. 


McCormick,  Frank  H. 
McCoy,  Allison  J. 
McDaniel,  Jack 
McDaniel,  Parker  0. 
McDonnell.  William  P. 
McEvers,  Charles  McK. 
McFadden.  W. 
McGowen,  Yancy  A. 
McKinney,  Andrew  S.,  Jr. 
McMahan,  John  0. 
McMenamin,  James  R. 
McNutt,  Ira  J. 
Nance,  George  P. 
Nelson,  Andrew 
Nelson,  James  E. 
Nelson,  James  O. 
Nelson,  Vincent  H. 
Neuhaus,  George 
NVville,  Edward  W. 
Newcomb.  Elmo  E. 
Newton,  Arthur  T. 
Newton.  Harry  C. 
Nicholson,  Harry  A. 
Niemi.  John  V. 
Niemes,  Charles  L. 
Nolen,  John  R. 
Norris.  Frank  J. 
Nothwang,  Ludwig  F. 
Nyman,  Harold  W. 
Oakley.  Perry  E. 
Odell,*Loren'O. 
Ogden,  Roy  N. 
Ogden,  Walter 
O'Hara.  Bennie  L. 
Olden,  William 
Olsen,  James 
Olszwski,  Leo  F. 
Olvina,  Amado 
O'Reilly,  Myron  K. 
Overhauser,  Harry  R. 
Owens,  John  B. 
Oyler.  Walter  C. 
Padden,  Robert  H. 
Page,  Alec  W. 
Painter.  Thomas  G. 
Paloma,  Greg'orio 
1'nrk,  James  G. 
Parker.  William  D. 
Parsons,  Elmer  E. 


80 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Pittsburg 


Paur,  John  J. 
Peck,  Francis  H. 
Peery,  Wilbur  F. 
Peevey,  Joe  L, 
Pemberton,  Hugh  W. 
Peninger,  William  T. 
Penny.  Robert  L. 
Percifield,  Arley 
Perry,  Oran 
Perry.  Willie  L. 
Peterman,  William  H. 
Peters,  Martin  A. 
Peterson,  Henry  A. 
Peyton,  Wesley  G. 
Pierce,  Clarence  S. 
Pinkston,  Harlie  M. 
Ponferrada,  Julian 
Porter.  G-eorge 
Posvar,  Victor  B. 
Powell,  Joseph  C. 
Prat  ley,  Henry  H. 
Preimer,  Edward  L. 
Priest.  Ray 
Pringle,  William  E. 
Pryor,  Vinson 
Purdy,  Charles  H. 
Purk,  Harry  J. 
Pyles,  William  McK. 
Quinlan,  Edward  J. 
Raber,  John 
Rabon,  Ruben 
Rader,  Tilden  E. 
Raezler,  August  E. 
Raroque,  Joaquin 
Rathbun,  Lloyd  M. 
Ray.  Walter  ' 
Reasoner,  Raymond  L. 
Reinpehl,  Walter  A. 
Reischman,  Lawrence 
Renfro,  Iss  D. 
Reniseth,  Edward 
Reyes,  Leovigildo  de  los 
Reyes,  Roman 
Reynold?',  Cyril  R. 
Reynolds,  John  E. 
Reynolds,  Mark  D. 
Richardson,  Eryl  D. 
Richardson,  Jesse  V. 
Richmond,  Edward  L. 


Richter,  Otto  W. 
Rife,  Robert  F. 
Ring,  Albert 
Ripley,  Dow 
Rivers,  James 
Roach,  Charles  A. 
Roberson,  Milton  A. 
Roberts,  Thomas  E. 
Robertson,  Bibb  B. 
Robinson,  Alfred 
Robinson,  Dollin  L. 
Robison,  Elmer  E. 
Rogers,  Daniel  T. 
Rogers,  Milton  H. 
Rogers,  Rupert  F. 
Rojas,  Conrado 
Roll,  William  G. 
Rome,  George  J. 
Rooney,  Fred  H. 
Rooney,  James  W. 
Roon-ey,  John 
Rosa,  Manuel  C.  J. 
Rose,  Edward  A. 
Rosenlind,  John  F. 
Ross,  Benjamin  J. 
Ross,  Wasker 
Rothenberg,  Merle  E. 
Rowland,  Otho  II. 
Rawling1,  William  D. 
Russell,  John  T. 
Russell,  Robert  W. 
Ryan,  Harry  S. 
Salla,  Macario 
Salomon,  Doretio 
Samson,  Bernardino 
Sanders,  Edward 
San  Luis,  Egmidio 
Sargent,  John  M. 
Sarin.  Placido 
Sawyer,  Rudolph 
Sayler,  Alfie  A. 
Schellhous,  Francis  L. 
Schmidt,  Emil  E. 
Schmidt,  Karl  F. 
Schneider,  Alfred  L. 
Schneidewind,  Walter 
Schnorrenberg,  Arthur  A. 
Schuler,  Haynes  G.  B. 
Schwand-er,  August  H. 


Roster  of  Enlisted  Men   o'f'thc' U'/S.  S.  Pittsbiirg  81 


Scroggin,  James  V. 
Scroggins,  Hollk  A. 
Self,  Marion  B. 
Sexton,  Thomas  G. 
Shacklett,  Jesse  G. 
Sharp,  Lynne  H. 
Sharrits,  Ralph  H. 
Shellman,  Arthur 
Sheppard,  Lee  R. 
Sherrill,  Loren  J. 
Shirrel,  William  W. 
Sidnam.  Raymond  E. 
Simmons,  R.  E. 
Simon,  George  J. 
Simpson,  Carl  F. 
Sinnock,  James  W. 
Slater,  Isaac  H. 
Sloan.  Alpha  F. 
Sloan,  Walter  S. 
Small,  Ernest 
Smith.  J.  D. 
Smith.  Charles  H. 
Smith,  Clea viand  H. 
Smith,  Earl  O. 
Smith.  Gerald  D. 
Smith,  John  F. 
Smith.  John  L. 
Smith,  Obert  F. 
Smith,  Ralph  R. 
Smith.  Thomas  M.,  Jr. 
Smith,  Virgel 
Smith,  William  M. 
Snelling,  Charles  C. 
Snider,  Delber  T. 
Snyder,  Don 
Snyder,  John  L. 
Sopher,  Clyde 
Sorells,  Sam  J. 
Soronn,  Pedro 
Sparkman,  Foster 
Sparks,  Troy  WT. 
Spaulding,  Jasper 
Spence,  William  S. 
Sprasue,  Richard  L. 
Sprigs,  Hugh  A. 
Starr,  Ronald  D. 
Stearns,  Clyde  S. 
Stephens,  James  F. 
Stephenson,  Heber  F. 


Stevens,  John  E. 
Stewart,  LeRoy  C. 
Stewart,  Oscar  W. 
Stewart,  Ray  E. 
Stinson,  Melvin  N. 
Stockett,  Walter  B. 
Stockton,  Farris  E. 
Stokes,  Arthur  W. 
Stokes,  Roy 
Stoner,  Richard  S. 
Storm,  Frank  S. 
Stoy,  August  L. 
Straube,  Herman  A. 
Street,  David  P. 
Styner,  Warren  A. 
Sullivan,  Florence  I. 
Swallow,  George  M. 
Swasey,  Henry 
Swenson,  Swen  P. 
Swinyer,  William  W. 
Taggart,  Lawrence  G. 
Tatum.  John  R. 
Taylor,  Larkin  K. 
Templeton,  Carlos  D. 
Terry,  John  T. 
Teschner,  Dick  T. 
Teubner,  Emest  W. 
Thcisen.  William  H. 
Thienes,  Earl  E. 
Thomas,  Horace  K. 
Thomas,  Marvin 
Thomessen,  Peder 
Thompson,  Arthur  L. 
Thompson.  Clarence  L. 
Thompson,  John  L. 
Thorlton,  Andy  L. 
Thorp.  Rowland  C. 
Tierney,  John  R. 
Timmons,  Dale 
Todd,  George  W. 
Toups,  William  J. 
Tow,  Ah 
Towns,  Leslie  E. 
Trammell,  Charlie  R 
Troutman,  Frederick  D. 
Tsrio-i.  Jon 
Tucker.  Joe  E. 
Turner,  Lloyd  P. 
Turnquist,  Herbert  E. 


82 


Roster  of  Enlisted' Men  of  the   U.  S.  S.  Pittsburg 


Twining,  Homer  L. 
Uchida,  Segetsugue 
Vanderlippe,  Bertman 
V'andiver,  Archie  L. 
Van  Dyke,  Harry  C. 
Vanlderstine,  Raymond  H. 
Vanderwhite,  Leon  B. 
Velasco,  Florencio 
Venancio,  Pereyra 
Viala,  Juan 
Yillaciete,  Enalalio 
Vinsion,  James  M. 
Vukich,  Lawrence  A. 
Waldo,  Walter  E. 
Waldrip,  Sylvain 
Walker,  Earl 
Wallace,  William  R. 
Walls,  Roy  L. 
Wandel,  Peter  S. 
Ward,  Clarence  McC. 
Ward,  Jesse  E. 
Ward,  Jesse  M. 
Waterman,  Myron  H. 
Wathen,  Harvey  E. 
Watson,  Albert  H. 
Watson,  Gwynne  L. 
Watts,  John 
Weaver,  Jesse  V. 
Webb,  John  H. 
Weber,  John  P. 
Weddle,  Claude  W. 
Weir,  Ralph  K. 

Wells,  Bert  B. 
Wentworth.  Georg'e 

Westmoreland,  Henry  S. 

Whalen,  Luke 

White,  John  P. 

Whitehead.  Benjamin 

Whitesell,  Earl  B. 

Whiteside,  Moss  F. 

Whittle,  John 

Wickholm,  John  F. 

Wiest,  George  J. 


Wilber,  Ben 
Wiley,  John 
Wilkerson,  Vonner  L. 
Wilkin,  James  E. 
Wilkinson,  Edward  W. 
Willette.  Wendell  M. 
Williams,  R.  A. 
Williams,  Edward  J. 
Williams,  Edward  L. 
AVilliams,  Glen  E. 
Williams,  Jack  M. 
Williams,  John  L. 
Williamson,  Jasper  N. 
Wilson,  Chester  I. 
Wilson,  John 
Wilson,  John  I. 
Wilson,  Walter  0. 
Winn,  Ernest  C. 
Winterscheidt,  Paul  C. 
Wolf,  Robert 
Womack.  James  E. 
Womack,  Jr..  Sterling  P. 
Woodard,  Fay  E. 
Woodill,  George  D. 
Woodruff,  Frank  C. 
Wood.  William  L. 
Wood,  George  O. 
Wood.  John  E. 
Wood,  Jasper  G. 
Worcester,  John  C. 
Worrell,  Morris  F. 
Wray,  Clinton  W. 
Wr-ede,  Ernest  E. 
Wright,  George  W. 
Wribel,  Leopold 
Wyatt,  Homer  S. 
Yates,  Benjamin  F. 
Young,  Alphonse  E. 
Young.  Claudis  D. 
Yount,  Ray  H. 
Zahrt,  Leroy 
Zies'che,  Bruno 


5551 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


